Review and Comparison of Four-Tier Multiple Choice and Five-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Tests to Identify Mastery of Physics Concepts

Misconceptions of a concept in a lesson will have an influence in understanding the next concept. Having misconceptions that exist in learning can understand the nature of the misconceptions and consequently can help student learning progress. Therefore, a diagnostic test for misconceptions is needed, including the newest four-tier multiple choice and five-tier multiple choice. This research is a literature review that provides information systematically using the PRISMA method which often occurs in students' misconceptions in high school physics subjects. The data for this research are 60 selected articles from 2017-2021. The purpose of this study is to reveal the use of four-tier multiple choice and five-tier multiple choice diagnostic tests in physics and also provide a comparison of each instrument with the strengths and weaknesses of the four-tier multiple choice and five-tier multiple choice diagnostic tests. Furthermore, the use of multiple choice four levels (83.33%) and multiple choice five levels (16.67). %). In the use of the four-tier multiple choice physical material diagnostic test, which are often used in identifying misconceptions, are optical devices (12%) and energy businesses (10%). And the use of an additional five-tier multiple choice instrument diagnostic test that is often used is to present an overview or conclusion at the fifth level. However, each type of four-tier multiple choice and five-tier multiple choice tests has its own advantages and disadvantages in assessing students' conceptions

Correcting Students’ Understanding about Simple Direct Current (DC) Circuits through Scientific Approach

This paper reports the effect of teaching electricity in simple DC circuits using a scientific approach on students’ understanding. The study was a pre-experimental design using 12 students. They were all studying in specific first secondary schools in the sub-urban area in Kasongan City, Katingan Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. This work used the multiple-choice tests to combine reasoning and certainty of response index (CRI). This test was used as pre and post-test, respectively, to assess students’ understanding of electricity in simple DC circuits. As a result, it is found that the secondary students have alternate conceptions about simple DC circuits, such as “electricity comes out of both ends of a cell” and “a circuit uses up the electric current”. On the other hand, the results of this study showed that the use of a scientific approach in learning could help students achieve conceptual change about electricity in simple DC circuits. The findings from the study suggested that there was a difference in students’ understanding of simple DC circuits between pre-test and post-test. The scientific approach to learning seemed to help students achieve conceptual change about electricity in simple DC circuits.

Is Test Item Arrangement a Factor in the Academic Achievement of Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in Chemistry?

Aims: To determine the effect of test item arrangements in ascending, descending and no consistent order of difficulty in multiple choice tests on undergraduate pharmacy students’ academic achievement in a chemistry course. The present study served as an attempt to relate the effect of test item arrangement on undergraduate pharmacy students’ academic achievement in a chemistry course in Nigerian Universities. Study Design: Quasi-experimental research design of pre-test posttest non-equivalent group design was adopted in carrying out this research. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in ten Nigerian Universities between August, 2020 to April, 2021. Methodology: We sampled 200 participants (111 male, 89 females; age range 16 – 27 years) undergraduate pharmacy students drawn from ten (10) Universities in Nigeria. Twenty undergraduate pharmacy students offering Basic Principle of Chemistry (Chem. 101) were randomly selected from each of the selected universities for the study. Results: The mean scores when test items were arranged in ascending, descending, and no consistent orders of item difficulty were 44.38, 37.85 and 40.13 respectively. Their differential mean scores were 6.53, 2.28 and 4.26 in the same order. This implies that pharmacy students obtained higher scores when test items were arranged in ascending order of difficulty, followed by no consistent order and least in descending order of difficulty. The findings further revealed no significant arrangement by gender interaction effect on undergraduate pharmacy students` performance in the three tests. Conclusion: This study will help pharmacy lecturers in determining the most appropriate test item order which will help the students obtain high scores in any pharmaceutical test. The researchers conducted a quasi-experimental study on the topic as part of their undergraduate curriculum to examine the best test item format that will enhance pharmacy students' academic achievement in a chemistry course.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Melalui Penerapan Model Jigsaw pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

The purpose of this study is to describe the improvement of fourth grade student learning outcomes at SD 4 Karangbener through the application of the Jigsaw learning model.This research is a classroom action research conducted for 2 cycles, each cycle consists of 2 meetings. Each cycle consists of 4 stages, namely: planning, implementing actions, observing, and reflecting. The subjects of this study were teachers and fourth grade students of SD 4 Karangbener Bae Kudus, totaling 19 students. The method of data collection was done through tests, interviews, observations, and documentation. The instruments used were in the form of observation sheets for teaching teacher skills, observation sheets for students' affective and psychomotor aspects of learning outcomes, multiple choice tests, and interview guide sheets. The data analysis used is quantitative and qualitative data analysis.The results of this study showed that the first cycle obtained a percentage of 68.42%, an increase of 89.50% in the second cycle. Affective domain student learning outcomes in the first cycle an average score of 14 (good) increased to 16.64 (very good) in the second cycle. While the psychomotor learning outcomes obtained an average score of 15.5 (good) increased by 18 (very good) in the second cycle. The researcher concludes that the use of the jigsaw learning model can improve learning outcomes in learning theme 6 my ideals in class IV SD 4 Karangbener.

The educational e-portfolio: preliminary evidence of its relationship with student’s self-efficacy and engagement

The educational use of portfolios has been increasing in the last few years, especially as technology has also developed electronic versions of portfolios. Although there is abundant information about their benefits and practice description, few studies provide empirical evidence of their implementation. The objective of this study was to provide initial evidence about the use of the portfolio in higher education. Concretely, we aimed 1) to explore the correlation between students’ performance on the portfolio and their performance on more traditional assessment methods 2) to explore whether student’s personal variables predict performance in key elements of the e-portfolio, such as individual reflections, and if these contribute to general academic performance in the course, and 3) to evaluate whether the use of the e-portfolio during a semester changes the students’ self-efficacy and engagement. For this purpose, an initial sample of 73 students were recruited, and an e-portfolio (based on Mahara) was implemented over a semester. The results showed that performance on the portfolio correlated with the score obtained on multiple choice tests. There was an increase in self-efficacy after one semester of e-portfolio implementation, and engagement proved to be an important predictor of the final course grade through the mediation of individual reflections. These results offer preliminary and promising evidence about the relationship of a specific element of e-portfolios, individual reflections with several variables related to academic achievement such as self-efficacy and engagement.

The ABCs of Teaching Family Counseling: Putting “Fun” into the Fundamentals of the Profession

Becoming a family counselor requires knowledge of the history, theories, techniques, and trends within the profession. These tasks are not easy to accomplish and require a dedication of learning where the field has been as well as where it appears to be going. Multiple-choice tests, essay questions, term papers, case histories, internships, special projects, and class presentations are some of the means used to teach and evaluate student’s mastery of the field. However, another way that is fun and effective is class exercises and games. One such game titled “The ABCs of Family Counseling” is explained here. This article examines the rationale for using this teaching tool and how the pedagogy tied to this exercise can help students become more aware of what they have learned, as well as help students develop a readiness to begin working with couples and families.

EMOTION-LADEN TEXTS AND WORDS

This study takes a mixed-methods approach to explore the influence of emotion-laden (positive vs. negative vs. neutral) texts and words on vocabulary learning for Spanish heritage and foreign language learners. Participants (N = 121) were tasked with learning emotion-laden pseudowords embedded in three emotion-laden texts centered around themes of bilingualism, immigration, and identity. Form recognition, translation, and multiple-choice tests were designed to measure vocabulary recall and retention. Results from a mixed-effects modeling analysis showed that the neutral and negative emotion-laden texts predicted better vocabulary learning outcomes than the positive text for both HLLs and FLLs and that neutral words were learned best by all learners. Qualitative findings from open-ended questionnaires suggest emotional arousal as another influential affective factor in vocabulary learning for learners of diverse sociolinguistic backgrounds. Directions for future emotions research in SLA and pedagogical implications of socially relevant, emotion-laden material for vocabulary learning are discussed.

The Effects of Visual and Auditory Learning Styles on Students’ Learning Outcomes in Historical Social Studies

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of visual and auditory learning styles on students’ learning outcomes in historical social studies. The samples were the students of classes VII-2 and VII-3 respectively in MTs. Negeri Binanga. The data collection technique was the learning outcome tests. The instrument for collecting data on students’ learning outcomes was in the form of 30 multiple choice tests, and the learning styles consisted of 30 statements. The data analysis technique applied a Two-Way ANOVA with 2 x 2 factorial. The results showed that the students’ visual and auditory learning styles had the significant effects on students’ learning outcomes, where the groups of students who performed a visual learning style (=75.93) was significantly higher than those who performed an auditory learning style (= 52.90) on students’ learning outcomes in historical social studies. Keywords: Auditory, Visual, Learning Styles, Learning Outcomes

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BLENDED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN IPA MATERI CAHAYA DAN ALAT OPTIK DI SMPN 3 SALAHUTU

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh model pembelajaran blended learning terhadap hasil belajar IPA materi cahaya dan alat optik pada siswa kelas VIII di SMPN 3 Salahutu. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen, dengan sampel sebanyak 66 siswa yang terbagi dalam kelas eksperimen dan kontrol. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini yakni instrumen tes (tes berbentuk pilihan ganda) dan non-tes (lembar observasi guru). Instrumen tes telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas, sehingga dari 50 soal, diperoleh 30 soal yang valid dan reliabel untuk selanjutnya digunakan sebagai instrumen pengukuran. Hasil tes siswa kemudian diuji statistik menggunakan uji t. Berdasarkan analisis data, diperoleh nilai thitung sebesar 2,171 dan ttabel sebesar 2,036 sehingga thitung >ttabel. Hal ini berarti Ho ditolak pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ha yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran blended learning terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa diterima. Kata Kunci: model pembelajaran blended learning; hasil belajar; cahaya dan alat optik ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine whether there is an effect of the blended learning model on the science learning outcomes of light and optical instruments in class VIII students at SMPN 3 Salahutu. The type of research used is quasi-experimental, with a sample of 66 students divided into experimental and control classes. The instruments in this study are test instruments (multiple choice tests) and non-tests (teachers' observation sheets). The test instrument has been tested for validity and reliability, so that from 50 questions, 30 questions are valid and reliable to be used as measurement instruments. The students' test results were then statistically tested using the t-test. Based on data analysis, the value of tcount is 2.171 and ttable is 2.036 so that tcount > ttable. This means that Ho is rejected at the significant level = 0.05. Based on this description, it can be concluded that Ha which states that there is an influence of the blended learning learning model on students' science learning outcomes is accepted. Keywords: blended learning model; learning outcomes; light and optical devices