Maximizing daily canopy photosynthesis with respect to the leaf nitrogen allocation pattern in the canopy

Oecologia ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hirose ◽  
M. J. A. Werger
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Allocation ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis ◽  
Allocation Pattern

scholarly journals Effects of Vertical Gradient of Leaf Nitrogen Content on Canopy Photosynthesis in Tall and Dwarf Cultivars of Sorghum

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Tominaga ◽  
Shin Yabuta ◽  
Yasunori Fukuzawa ◽  
Shun-Ichiro Kawasaki ◽  
Thanankorn Jaiphong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis

Modelling Canopy Production. I. Optimal Distribution of Photosynthetic Resources

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Sands
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Homogeneous Function ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Optimal Distribution ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Canopy Nitrogen

On the basis of detailed numerical simulations, Field (1983. Oecologia 56, 341-347) stated that total canopy photosynthesis will be a maximum for a fixed total canopy leaf nitrogen provided the derivative δA/δN, where A is photosynthetic rate and N is leaf nitrogen concentration, has the same value throughout the canopy. This paper uses the calculus of variations to formally prove Field's assertion. It shows that if the single-leaf light response is a first-degree homogeneous function of both light-saturated photosynthetic rate Amax and intensity I of photosynthetically active radiation and if Amax is linearly related to N, then the optimal distribution of leaf nitrogen is linearly related to the decline in I with canopy depth, and Amax is proportional to this decline. The nature of photosynthetic gains due to optimisation of canopy nitrogen distribution is illustrated numerically for a simple model canopy. It is found that, for canopies with fixed mean leaf nitrogen, canopy photosynthesis is approximately proportional to canopy leaf area index (LAI), and the gain due to canopy optimisation compared with a uniform canopy is small for shallow canopies but pronounced for deep canopies. It is also found that, for canopies with fixed total leaf nitrogen, there is a canopy LAI which maximises canopy photosynthesis, and that this LAI and the corresponding canopy photosynthesis are approximately proportional to total canopy nitrogen.

Distribution of nitrogen and radiation use efficiency in peanut canopies

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Wright ◽  
GL Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Cool Environment ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

The allocation pattern of leaf nitrogen throughout a crop canopy can theoretically affect crop photosynthetic performance and radiation use efficiency (RUE). No information is available on the existence of leaf nitrogen gradients in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) canopies, nor on how these gradients might impact on RUE. Peanut crops (cv. Tifton-8) were grown in warm and cool environments, and the canopy profiles of leaf area index, light interception, specific leaf weight (SLW), leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) and specific leaf nitrogen (SLN) were examined at 73 and 112 days after planting. Crop RUE was also measured during this period. There was a marked decline in SLN from the top to the base of the canopy in both environments. The gradient in SLN occurred due to changes in SLW and LNC in the warm environment, but only due to changes in SLW in the cool environment. The gradient appeared to be largely controlled by the light environment within the canopy, as evidenced by the commonality (across environments) of the relationship between SLN and cumulative light interception throughout the canopy. Radiation use efficiency was 33% higher in the crop grown in the warm compared to the cool environment, suggesting that cool temperatures can limit RUE in peanut. For the crop at the warm site, RUE was 32% higher than the theoretical RUE assuming a uniform SLN distribution in the canopy. It is suggested that the existence of non-uniform SLN distribution in the canopy may allow enhanced RUE compared to canopies with uniform SLN distribution.

Canopy photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, leaf nitrogen, and transcription profiles of maize in response to CO2 enrichment

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOO-HYUNG KIM ◽  
RICHARD C. SICHER ◽  
HANHONG BAE ◽  
DENNIS C. GITZ ◽  
JEFFREY T. BAKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis ◽  
Transcription Profiles

scholarly journals Simulating daily field crop canopy photosynthesis: an integrated software package

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Wu ◽  
Al Doherty ◽  
Graham D. Farquhar ◽  
Graeme L. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
C3 And C4 Photosynthesis

Photosynthetic manipulation is seen as a promising avenue for advancing field crop productivity. However, progress is constrained by the lack of connection between leaf-level photosynthetic manipulation and crop performance. Here we report on the development of a model of diurnal canopy photosynthesis for well watered conditions by using biochemical models of C3 and C4 photosynthesis upscaled to the canopy level using the simple and robust sun–shade leaves representation of the canopy. The canopy model was integrated over the time course of the day for diurnal canopy photosynthesis simulation. Rationality analysis of the model showed that it simulated the expected responses in diurnal canopy photosynthesis and daily biomass accumulation to key environmental factors (i.e. radiation, temperature and CO2), canopy attributes (e.g. leaf area index and leaf angle) and canopy nitrogen status (i.e. specific leaf nitrogen and its profile through the canopy). This Diurnal Canopy Photosynthesis Simulator (DCaPS) was developed into a web-based application to enhance usability of the model. Applications of the DCaPS package for assessing likely canopy-level consequences of changes in photosynthetic properties and its implications for connecting photosynthesis with crop growth and development modelling are discussed.

scholarly journals Isoprene emission from wetland sedges

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ekberg ◽  
A. Arneth ◽  
H. Hakola ◽  
S. Hayward ◽  
T. Holst
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Isoprene Emission ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. High latitude wetlands play an important role for the surface-atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), but fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) in these ecosystems have to date not been extensively studied. This is despite BVOC representing a measurable proportion of the total gaseous C fluxes at northern locations and in the face of the high temperature sensitivity of these systems that requires a much improved process understanding to interpret and project possible changes in response to climate warming. We measured emission of isoprene and photosynthetic gas exchange over two growing seasons (2005–2006) in a subarctic wetland in northern Sweden with the objective to identify the physiological and environmental controls of these fluxes on the leaf scale. The sedge species Eriophorum angustifolium and Carex rostrata were both emitters of isoprene. Springtime emissions were first detected after an accumulated diurnal mean temperature above 0°C of about 100 degree days. Maximum measured growing season standardized (basal) emission rates (20°C, 1000 μmol m−2 s−1) were 1075 (2005) and 1118 (2006) μg C m−2 (leaf area) h−1 in E. angustifolium, and 489 (2005) and 396 (2006) μg C m−2 h−1 in C. rostrata. Over the growing season, basal isoprene emission varied in response to the temperature history of the last 48 h. Seasonal basal isoprene emission rates decreased with leaf nitrogen (N), which may be explained by the typical growth and resource allocation pattern of clonal sedges as the leaves age. The observations were used to model emissions over the growing season, accounting for effects of temperature history, links to leaf assimilation rate and the light and temperature dependencies of the cold-adapted sedges.

Photosynthetic Acclimation and Nitrogen Partitioning Within a Lucerne Canopy. II. Stability Through Time and Comparison With a Theoretical Optimum

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Evans
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
Photosynthetic Acclimation ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Distribution ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Redistribution

Nitrogen redistribution between and within leaves was examined in a plot of lucerne (Medicago sativa L. cv. Aurora) in relation to potential canopy photosynthesis. The canopy was sampled during regrowth after cutting and just prior to flowering. As leaves were progressively shaded by the newly produced leaves, nitrogen content fell and photosynthetic acclimation occurred. The rate of acclimation in the canopy was the same as occurred following a step change to 23 or 6% sunlight. The profile of leaf nitrogen content was stable with respect to leaf area index and independent of time of sampling. Optimal profiles of nitrogen distribution between leaves, photosynthetic rate per unit chlorophyll and nitrogen partitioning within leaves were calculated from the relationships between photosynthesis and nitrogen in conjunction with the light environment of the preceding 3 days. The optimal nitrogen content of the leaves should vary in proportion to the relative daily irradiance at each leaf. The observed distribution achieved 88% of the potential daily photosynthesis, while a uniform nitrogen distribution yielded only 80%. Photosynthetic acclimation and nitrogen partitioning within each leaf both responded to daily irradiance similarly to the calculated optimum except at the two extremes. At the top of the canopy, photosynthetic rate per unit of chlorophyll did not increase as much as the calculated optimum, while at the base of the canopy, nitrogen partitioning failed to fall as much as the calculated optimum. This may reflect the constraints on the flexibility of the photosynthetic system. Nitrogen redistribution between leaves made a dramatic contribution to increasing the potential photosynthesis by the canopy. Although acclimation to low irradiance reduced the photosynthetic capacity per unit nitrogen by 12%, the considerable reorganisation of proteins within the thylakoids increased potential daily photosynthesis by 20% over that which would have been gained by a 'sun' leaf. However, in terms of canopy photosynthesis, which is dominated by leaves intercepting most of the light, acclimation contributed only a few per cent to the potential daily canopy photosynthesis.

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