Change in the chemical structures of carbon black and active carbon caused by CF4 plasma irradiation

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1646-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nakahara ◽  
K. Ozawa ◽  
Y. Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Plasma Irradiation ◽  
Chemical Structures

Carbon gas diffusion electrodes promoted with silver and operating on air or oxygen in alkaline medium. Physical parameters of electrodes and their components

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 2165-2174
Author(s):  
Karel Smrček ◽  
Martin Wedell ◽  
Jiří Mrha ◽  
Miroslava Musilová
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrodes ◽  
Hydrophobic Nature ◽  
Better Than

From the ratio of hydrophobic to hydrophilic pore volumes determined after a long-term exposure of the gas or active layer to water, the strong hydrophobic nature of the teflonized carbon black contained in carbon-based gas diffusion electrodes was confirmed. This material proves better than Teflon in Teflon-bonded active carbon electrodes, whose hydrophobicity is adversely affected on heating and the mechanical strength of the layer decreases. Measurement of the penetration of water and rate of flow of oxygen revealed that the teflonized carbon black ensures two essential functions of the gas diffusion electrode: feeding the active layer with oxygen and prevention of flooding of the gas pores.

Crosslinking of Rubbers by Fillers

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Rajeev ◽  
S. K. De
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Formation ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Carbon Black Surface ◽  
Reactive Groups ◽  
Black Surface ◽  
Rubber Phase ◽  
Rubber Filler

Abstract Oxygen containing chemical groups on the carbon black surface can react with the carboxyl groups of XNBR, or epoxy groups of ENR, or chlorosulfonated groups of CSM, during high temperature molding of the rubber-filler mixtures. This leads to crosslinking of the rubber phase. The extent of crosslinking increases if the carbon black surface is oxidized, the concentration of the reactive groups of the rubber increases, or a suitable silane coupling agent is incorporated in the rubber-filler mixtures. Similarly, high temperature molding of the XNBR-precipitated silica, ENR-precipitated silica, CSM-precipitated silica, and CR-ferrite mixtures leads to crosslinking of the rubber phases, even in the absence of conventional rubber vulcanizing agents. XNBR-ZnO mixture on high temperature molding also produces crosslinked rubbers consisting of ionic crosslinks. During mixing stage, the reactive fillers interact with the polar rubbers leading to formation of high bound rubber, presumably through hydrogen bond formation. During high temperature molding of the rubber-filler mixtures for a prolonged time, the reactive groups on the filler surface chemically react with the functional groups of the rubber chains leading to crosslinks of the rubber phase. This is evident from the rise in the rheometric torque of the rubber-filler mixture and marked changes in properties of the mixture on high temperature molding. The properties in many instances are similar to that obtained in the case of rubbers crosslinked by conventional vulcanizing agents. Infrared spectroscopy has been used to identify the chemical structures at the filler-rubber interface formed during crosslinking of the rubber by the filler.

scholarly journals Adsorption Properties and Structure of Some Active Carbons

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Bardina ◽  
E.V. Kalashnikova ◽  
N.V. Kovaleva ◽  
T.A. Rudnitskaya ◽  
N.K. Shonya
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Graphitized Carbon Black ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Static Method ◽  
Active Carbons ◽  
Heats Of Adsorption ◽  
Graphitized Carbon ◽  
Low Coverage

Gas chromatography has been used to determine the initial low-coverage heats of adsorption of C2–C6 hydrocarbons and their derivatives on active carbon and graphitized carbon black. The porous structure of the active carbon has been determined from the adsorption isotherms of benzene measured at 25°C by a vacuum static method. The isotherms have been analyzed with the help of the BET and Dubinin–Radushkevich theories.

The Theory of Rubber Reinforcement: Interaction of Carbon Black with Sulfur and Rubber

1958 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
B. Dogadkin ◽  
B. Lukin ◽  
Z. Tarasova ◽  
Z. Skorodumova ◽  
I. Tutorskiĭ
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Active Carbon Black ◽  
Active Channel ◽  
Reinforcement Interaction

Abstract Active channel black combines chemically with sulfur when heated with sulfur solutions. The amount of sulfur combined increases after hydrogenation of the carbon black. The dimensions of the carbon black aggregates increase as the result of the reaction with sulfur. Hydrogenation of channel black increases the content of insoluble rubber in the carbon-rubber gel formed during milling of a rubber-carbon black mixture. Hydrogenation of channel black increases the content of bound sulfur, the modulus, and tensile strength, in comparison with vulcanizates containing the original unhydrogenated channel black. These facts suggest that active carbon black enters the composition of the vulcanizate structure, and this is a factor in rubber reinforcement.

Catalytic Effect of Active Carbon Black Chezacarb in Wet Oxidation of Phenol

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1010-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vratislav Tukač ◽  
Jiří Hanika
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Copper Catalyst ◽  
Copper Catalysts ◽  
Wet Oxidation ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Oxidation Of Phenol ◽  
Catalytic Effects ◽  
Active Carbon Black

The catalytic effects of hydrophilic granulated active carbon black Chezacarb have been tested in the oxidation of dilute (5 000 ppm) aqueous solutions of phenol. The research was focused on combined utilization of sorption and chemical (oxygen functional groups) properties of carbon black which support formation of free radicals in oxidation and on the catalytic effects of metals (Fe, Ni and V) present in the sorbent mentioned. The oxidation was carried out in a stainless steel autoclave of 1.25 l capacity. The reaction temperatures and the total pressures varied in the intervals of 120-160 °C and 3-5 MPa, respectively. The reaction mixture was analyzed by means of HPLC with UV detection (254 nm). The experimental data were evaluated by means of the ASPEN PLUS 9.2 program. The model of laboratory autoclave involved the reaction kinetics as well as the phase equilibria and dissolution of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the reaction mixture. Although the active carbon black shows a lower catalytic activity than the usual copper catalyst in the wet oxidation, it has the advantage of avoiding the undesirable releases of heavy metals in waste waters, which escapes accompany the application of copper catalysts.

Testing magnesite-chromite brick in the lining of a cyclone reactor for obtaining active carbon black

Refractories ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 5 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
M. N. Kaibicheva ◽  
T. N. Kudryavtseva ◽  
S. N. Petrikevich ◽  
V. G. �ntin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Active Carbon Black

Means of increasing raw material resources for production of active carbon black

1967 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 475-477
Author(s):  
A. S. Andreeva ◽  
B. T. Abaeva ◽  
N. A. Okinshevich ◽  
A. V. Agafonov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Active Carbon Black

Investigation on Properties of a New CB/WPUA Composite Coating

2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 1610-1613
Author(s):  
Tong Zhang ◽  
Wen Jian Wu ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Xiao Dong Dai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Carbon Black Content ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Polyurethane Acrylate ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane Acrylate

By grafting carbon black (CB) with multifunctional waterborne polyurethane acrylate (WPUA), a series of environmental-friendly CB/WPUA black coatings with different CB contents were prepared in this study. The chemical structures of the products at different synthesis stages were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and the influence of carbon black content on the properties of coatings was systemically investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that the WPUA/CB composite coatings with more CB contents had higher viscosities and impaired unsaturation conversions of WPUA. However, the coating containing 4 wt% of CB obtained the best water resistance and tensile strength owing to incorporate organic-inorganic structures, which is of importance for practical application.

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