Heats of immersion of active carbon and carbon black in water and benzene as a function of the moisture content of the adsorbents

1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
M. M. Dubinin ◽  
A. A. Isirikyan ◽  
K. M. Nikolaev ◽  
N. S. Polyakov ◽  
L. I. Tatarinova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Heats Of Immersion

Effect of Moisture on Curing Rate of GR-S

1945 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Braendle ◽  
W. B. Wiegand
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Moisture Retention ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
Mixed Stock ◽  
Temperature Storage

Abstract 1. Moisture content of uncured GR-S compounds must be reckoned with because of its effect on curing rate and the serious consequence of overcure. 2. Excessively dry polymer (below about 0.15 per cent water) will, in general, be slow curing (Figure 2). 3. Mixed stock with less than 0.5 per cent water will, in general, be slow curing and erratic in curing rate (Figure 5). 4. The normal moisture range of carbon black does not affect the curing rate of GR-S (Figure 4). 5. The normal moisture content of carbon black is not available to the polymer for stabilizing its curing rate. 6. Mixed stock which is dry and slow curing may be conditioned to stable curing rate by storage under humid conditions. A moisture content of 0.5 to 1.0 per cent is indicated. This moisture content seems also to iron out differences in curing rate between polymers. 7. Since conditioning of mixed stocks is not always feasible on the factory scale, the stabilization of cure by direct water addition during mixing should be given consideration. 8. Laboratory-scale tests on a GR-S tread compound indicate that an addition of about 2.5 to 5 per cent water (on the polymer) during mixing will result in a mixed-stock moisture content giving minimal cure variation for normal-curing and slow-curing (very dry) polymers for periods of stock layover up to about 3 weeks. 9. Any additions of water as suggested above will, on the factory scale, require adjustment, since moisture retention is a function of the compounding ingredients, mixing cycle and temperature, storage time, and humidity conditions actually obtaining.

Carbon gas diffusion electrodes promoted with silver and operating on air or oxygen in alkaline medium. Physical parameters of electrodes and their components

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 2165-2174
Author(s):  
Karel Smrček ◽  
Martin Wedell ◽  
Jiří Mrha ◽  
Miroslava Musilová
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrodes ◽  
Hydrophobic Nature ◽  
Better Than

From the ratio of hydrophobic to hydrophilic pore volumes determined after a long-term exposure of the gas or active layer to water, the strong hydrophobic nature of the teflonized carbon black contained in carbon-based gas diffusion electrodes was confirmed. This material proves better than Teflon in Teflon-bonded active carbon electrodes, whose hydrophobicity is adversely affected on heating and the mechanical strength of the layer decreases. Measurement of the penetration of water and rate of flow of oxygen revealed that the teflonized carbon black ensures two essential functions of the gas diffusion electrode: feeding the active layer with oxygen and prevention of flooding of the gas pores.

scholarly journals Adsorption Properties and Structure of Some Active Carbons

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Bardina ◽  
E.V. Kalashnikova ◽  
N.V. Kovaleva ◽  
T.A. Rudnitskaya ◽  
N.K. Shonya
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Graphitized Carbon Black ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Static Method ◽  
Active Carbons ◽  
Heats Of Adsorption ◽  
Graphitized Carbon ◽  
Low Coverage

Gas chromatography has been used to determine the initial low-coverage heats of adsorption of C2–C6 hydrocarbons and their derivatives on active carbon and graphitized carbon black. The porous structure of the active carbon has been determined from the adsorption isotherms of benzene measured at 25°C by a vacuum static method. The isotherms have been analyzed with the help of the BET and Dubinin–Radushkevich theories.

The Theory of Rubber Reinforcement: Interaction of Carbon Black with Sulfur and Rubber

1958 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
B. Dogadkin ◽  
B. Lukin ◽  
Z. Tarasova ◽  
Z. Skorodumova ◽  
I. Tutorskiĭ
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Active Carbon Black ◽  
Active Channel ◽  
Reinforcement Interaction

Abstract Active channel black combines chemically with sulfur when heated with sulfur solutions. The amount of sulfur combined increases after hydrogenation of the carbon black. The dimensions of the carbon black aggregates increase as the result of the reaction with sulfur. Hydrogenation of channel black increases the content of insoluble rubber in the carbon-rubber gel formed during milling of a rubber-carbon black mixture. Hydrogenation of channel black increases the content of bound sulfur, the modulus, and tensile strength, in comparison with vulcanizates containing the original unhydrogenated channel black. These facts suggest that active carbon black enters the composition of the vulcanizate structure, and this is a factor in rubber reinforcement.

Catalytic Effect of Active Carbon Black Chezacarb in Wet Oxidation of Phenol

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1010-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vratislav Tukač ◽  
Jiří Hanika
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Copper Catalyst ◽  
Copper Catalysts ◽  
Wet Oxidation ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Oxidation Of Phenol ◽  
Catalytic Effects ◽  
Active Carbon Black

The catalytic effects of hydrophilic granulated active carbon black Chezacarb have been tested in the oxidation of dilute (5 000 ppm) aqueous solutions of phenol. The research was focused on combined utilization of sorption and chemical (oxygen functional groups) properties of carbon black which support formation of free radicals in oxidation and on the catalytic effects of metals (Fe, Ni and V) present in the sorbent mentioned. The oxidation was carried out in a stainless steel autoclave of 1.25 l capacity. The reaction temperatures and the total pressures varied in the intervals of 120-160 °C and 3-5 MPa, respectively. The reaction mixture was analyzed by means of HPLC with UV detection (254 nm). The experimental data were evaluated by means of the ASPEN PLUS 9.2 program. The model of laboratory autoclave involved the reaction kinetics as well as the phase equilibria and dissolution of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the reaction mixture. Although the active carbon black shows a lower catalytic activity than the usual copper catalyst in the wet oxidation, it has the advantage of avoiding the undesirable releases of heavy metals in waste waters, which escapes accompany the application of copper catalysts.

Influence of Moisture Content of Carbon Black on Rubber Properties

1942 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-219
Author(s):  
Leonard H. Cohan ◽  
C. R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Maximum Accuracy ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adsorbed Moisture

Abstract The moisture content of carbon black should be kept approximately constant if maximum accuracy in rubber testing is to be attained. In this laboratory we have found it convenient to equilibrate blacks at about 30 per cent humidity, under which condition most rubber channel blacks adsorb 1.5 to 2.0 per cent water. In the case of most of the properties of tread stocks, this precaution decreases the average deviation from the mean value in any series of experiments. In the case of extrusion tests, the effect of adsorbed moisture is so great that the use of a standard moisture content, or at least the determination of moisture content at the same time as the black is milled for extrusion, is necessary if reproducible results are to be expected.

scholarly journals THE USE OF MODIFIED SUGARCANE BAGASSE IN NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Akinlabi ◽  
R.N. Laleye ◽  
S. B. Akinfenwa ◽  
A.M Mosaku ◽  
A. A. Falomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Better Than

Natural rubber (NR) is a renewable agricultural resource which has gained fast technological innovation due to some inherent properties and its renewability. Compounding of natural rubber with modified and unmodified nano-sized agricultural waste is of interest because it is economical, environmentally friendly, cheap and readily available, hence, the trial of sugarcane bagasse as an additive in Natural Rubber compounding. The sugarcane bagasse was sourced locally, milled to fine powder and sieved to <100µm in size. Characterization of Natural rubber latex viz-a-viz: Dry rubber content (DRC), Total solid content (TSC), Ash content, Moisture content were carried out. The Sugarcane bagasse was modified via Hydroxylation using 10% Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The modified sugarcane baggase (MSB) and unmodified sugarcane baggase (USB) were characterized viz-a-viz: their pH, moisture content, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and micro-pixe analysis. The extent of modification was determined via titration. The NR was thereafter compounded with USB, MSB, CB, admix of MSB with CB and admix of USB with CB to give five vulcanizates, labeled A – E ( A- 40 parts CB, B- 40 parts USB, C- 40 parts MSB, D- 20 CB : 20 USB while E was 20 CB : 20 MSB). The vulcanizates were then subjected to physico-mechanical tests viz-a-viz: Tensile strength, Modulus Elasticity, Hardness, Elongation @ break and Yield elongation. The result revealed that mix A (control) with 40 CB has the highest Tensile strength compared to the other mixes, which was followed by mixes E >D >C while B gave the least tensile strength, showing that carbon black acted better than modified sugarcane bagasse and better than unmodified sugarcane bagasse. Compatibility of the unmodified and hydroxylated sugarcane bagasse with natural rubber and carbon black was also established. The extent of the solubility of the mixes in ethanol, kerosene and petrol were investigated to determine the extent of crosslinking and mix A was very resistant to all the solvents followed by mixes C then E then D while mix B dissolves readily.

Testing magnesite-chromite brick in the lining of a cyclone reactor for obtaining active carbon black

Refractories ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 5 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
M. N. Kaibicheva ◽  
T. N. Kudryavtseva ◽  
S. N. Petrikevich ◽  
V. G. �ntin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Active Carbon Black

Effect of Moisture on GR-S Rate of Cure and Physical Properties

1946 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-780
Author(s):  
Ian C. Rush
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Strain Data ◽  
Water Curing ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Moisture has been discussed as a factor which may give rise to variable rates of cure of GR-S. This moisture may be present in GR-S itself or in the compounding ingredients used. Accordingly, a program was initiated in the spring of 1944 to establish the influence of moisture, not only on the rate of cure of GR-S, but also on its physical properties. Since that time two papers have been published on this subject by other investigators. The results reported here verify some of the conclusions drawn by these investigators but seem to be at variance with others. In this study various proportions of water were added in the following ways : by premixing with carbon black, by adding directly on the mill rolls at the completion of normal milling, and by soaking GR-S crumb in water. Curing curves were obtained for each batch, and were used to evaluate the rate of cure. To eliminate day-to-day variations in physical properties due to error in testing methods, three batches of different moisture contents were mixed and tested on the same day. This same group was then remixed and tested on successive days until at least three batches had been tested for each moisture content and each method of addition. The averages of the individual results (stress-strain data and percentage moisture retained) on batches to which the same percentage of water was added, were then considered free from day-to-day variations.

Influence of Moisture Content of Carbon Black on Rubber Properties

1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1183-1185
Author(s):  
Leonard H. Cohan ◽  
C. R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Moisture Content
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