Neuronal discharges of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus during sleep and wakefulness in the cat II. Evoked activity

1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Filion ◽  
Y. Lamarre ◽  
J.P. Cordeau
Keyword(s):  
Ventrolateral Nucleus ◽  
Evoked Activity

Micro- and Astroglia Activity in the Spinal Cord Ventrolateral Nucleus Sciatic Nerve Injury in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
A. A. Starinets ◽  
E. L. Egorova ◽  
A. A. Tyrtyshnaia ◽  
I. V. Dyuisen ◽  
A. N. Baryshev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Injury ◽  
Ventrolateral Nucleus

scholarly journals Subcortical circuits mediate communication between primary sensory cortical areas in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lohse ◽  
Johannes C. Dahmen ◽  
Victoria M. Bajo ◽  
Andrew J. King
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Evoked Activity

AbstractIntegration of information across the senses is critical for perception and is a common property of neurons in the cerebral cortex, where it is thought to arise primarily from corticocortical connections. Much less is known about the role of subcortical circuits in shaping the multisensory properties of cortical neurons. We show that stimulation of the whiskers causes widespread suppression of sound-evoked activity in mouse primary auditory cortex (A1). This suppression depends on the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and is implemented through a descending circuit that links S1, via the auditory midbrain, with thalamic neurons that project to A1. Furthermore, a direct pathway from S1 has a facilitatory effect on auditory responses in higher-order thalamic nuclei that project to other brain areas. Crossmodal corticofugal projections to the auditory midbrain and thalamus therefore play a pivotal role in integrating multisensory signals and in enabling communication between different sensory cortical areas.

scholarly journals Dynamic relationships between spontaneous and evoked electrophysiological activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soren Wainio-Theberge ◽  
Annemarie Wolff ◽  
Georg Northoff
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Spontaneous Neural Activity ◽  
Electrophysiological Signals ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Dynamic Relationships

AbstractSpontaneous neural activity fluctuations have been shown to influence trial-by-trial variation in perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes. However, the complex electrophysiological mechanisms by which these fluctuations shape stimulus-evoked neural activity remain largely to be explored. Employing a large-scale magnetoencephalographic dataset and an electroencephalographic replication dataset, we investigate the relationship between spontaneous and evoked neural activity across a range of electrophysiological variables. We observe that for high-frequency activity, high pre-stimulus amplitudes lead to greater evoked desynchronization, while for low frequencies, high pre-stimulus amplitudes induce larger degrees of event-related synchronization. We further decompose electrophysiological power into oscillatory and scale-free components, demonstrating different patterns of spontaneous-evoked correlation for each component. Finally, we find correlations between spontaneous and evoked time-domain electrophysiological signals. Overall, we demonstrate that the dynamics of multiple electrophysiological variables exhibit distinct relationships between their spontaneous and evoked activity, a result which carries implications for experimental design and analysis in non-invasive electrophysiology.

rTMS affects EEG microstates dynamic during evoked activity

Cortex ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Croce ◽  
Spadone Sara ◽  
Filippo Zappasodi ◽  
Antonello Baldassarre ◽  
Paolo Capotosto
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Activity

scholarly journals Corticostriatal Circuits Encode the Subjective Value of Perceived Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 5049-5060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kainan S Wang ◽  
Mauricio R Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Option ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Binary Choices ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Evoked Activity

AbstractThe ability to perceive and exercise control over an outcome is both desirable and beneficial to our well-being. It has been shown that animals and humans alike exhibit behavioral bias towards seeking control and that such bias recruits the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and striatum. Yet, this bias remains to be quantitatively captured and studied neurally. Here, we employed a behavioral task to measure the preference for control and characterize its neural underpinnings. Participants made a series of binary choices between having control and no-control over a game for monetary reward. The mere presence of the control option evoked activity in the ventral striatum. Importantly, we manipulated the expected value (EV) of each choice pair to extract the pairing where participants were equally likely to choose either option. The difference in EV between the options at this point of equivalence was inferred as the subjective value of control. Strikingly, perceiving control inflated the reward value of the associated option by 30% and this value inflation was tracked by the vmPFC. Altogether, these results capture the subjective value of perceived control inherent in decision making and highlight the role of corticostriatal circuitry in the perception of control.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in rat trigeminal ganglion do not control spinal trigeminal activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Covasala ◽  
Sören L. Stirn ◽  
Stephanie Albrecht ◽  
Roberto De Col ◽  
Karl Messlinger
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Ganglion ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
Cgrp Receptor ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Trigeminal Neurons ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Evoked Activity

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is regarded as a key mediator in the generation of primary headaches. CGRP receptor antagonists reduce migraine pain in clinical trials and spinal trigeminal activity in animal experiments. The site of CGRP receptor inhibition causing these effects is debated. Activation and inhibition of CGRP receptors in the trigeminal ganglion may influence the activity of trigeminal afferents and hence of spinal trigeminal neurons. In anesthetized rats extracellular activity was recorded from neurons with meningeal afferent input in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Mechanical stimuli were applied at regular intervals to receptive fields located in the exposed cranial dura mater. α-CGRP (10−5 M), the CGRP receptor antagonist olcegepant (10−3 M), or vehicle was injected through the infraorbital canal into the trigeminal ganglion. The injection of volumes caused transient discharges, but vehicle, CGRP, or olcegepant injection was not followed by significant changes in ongoing or mechanically evoked activity. In animals pretreated intravenously with the nitric oxide donor glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, 250 μg/kg) the mechanically evoked activity decreased after injection of CGRP and increased after injection of olcegepant. In conclusion, the activity of spinal trigeminal neurons with meningeal afferent input is normally not controlled by CGRP receptor activation or inhibition in the trigeminal ganglion. CGRP receptors in the trigeminal ganglion may influence neuronal activity evoked by mechanical stimulation of meningeal afferents only after pretreatment with GTN. Since it has previously been shown that olcegepant applied to the cranial dura mater is ineffective, trigeminal activity driven by meningeal afferent input is more likely to be controlled by CGRP receptors located centrally to the trigeminal ganglion.

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