The determination of myogenic and cartilage cells in the early chick embryo and the modifying effect of retinoic acid

1991 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
YiPing Chen ◽  
Michael Solursh
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Early Chick Embryo ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
Modifying Effect ◽  
And Cartilage

scholarly journals The uptake and metabolism of retinol, retinoic acid and methyl retinoate by the early chick embryo

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Morgan ◽  
J. N. Thompson ◽  
G. A. J. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Radioactive Substance ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Early Chick Embryo ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism ◽  
Very High

1. Fertile eggs deficient in vitamin A were obtained by feeding hens a diet deficient in retinol (vitamin A alcohol) but containing methyl retinoate.2. Radioactive retinol was injected into the albumen of three of these eggs at a level of 2 μg [6,7-14C]retinol/egg. After 5 days' incubation, 4.6–8.3% of the injected material was recovered in the lipid of the embryo, representing a four- to nine-fold concentration into the embryo from the albumen. Approximately 40–50% of this was unchanged retinol, 15–20% retin-aldehyde and 20–30% probably a long-chain fatty acid retinyl ester. The early embryo can, therefore, metabolize vitamin A very effectively.3. [6,7-14C]Retinoic acid (2 μg) was injected into normal fertile eggs, killing most of the embryos. The eggs with dead embryos were analysed; 0.24% and 0.33% of the injected material was recovered from the embryos. Two embryos which developed contained 0.51% and 0.53% of the injected dose. In no instance was any material identified other than retinoic acid. The extremely low amounts of retinoic acid absorbed by the embryos emphasize the very high toxicity of retinoic acid to the early chick embryo.4. [6,7-14C]Methyl retinoate (0.5 μg) was injected into each of four normal eggs; 8.5–11.6% was isolated as unchanged methyl retinoate after 5 days; no other radioactive substance was detected.

scholarly journals Monoclonal antibodies specific to quail embryo tissues: their epitopes in the developing quail embryo and their application to identification of quail cells in quail-chick chimeras.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1769-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Aoyama ◽  
K Asamoto ◽  
Y Nojyo ◽  
M Kinutani
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Quail Embryo ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
Preliminary Application ◽  
And Cartilage

Quail-chick chimeras have been used extensively in the field of developmental biology. To detect quail cells more easily and to detect cellular processes of quail cells in quail-chick chimeras, we generated four monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific to some quail tissues. MAb QCR1 recognizes blood vessels, blood cells, and cartilage cells, MAb QB1 recognizes quail blood vessels and blood cells, and MAb QB2 recognizes quail blood vessels, blood cells, and mesenchymal tissues. These antibodies bound to those tissues in 3-9-day quail embryos and did not bind to any tissues of 3-9-day chick embryos. MAb QSC1 is specific to the ventral half of spinal cord and thymus in 9-day quail embryo. No tissue in 9-day chick embryo reacted with this MAb. This antibody binds transiently to a small number of brain vesicle cells in developing chick embryo as well as in quail embryo. A preliminary application of two of these MAb, QCR1 and QSC1, on quail-chick chimeras of neural tube and somites is reported here.

scholarly journals Complementary Domains of Retinoic Acid Production and Degradation in the Early Chick Embryo

1999 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Swindell ◽  
Christina Thaller ◽  
Shanthini Sockanathan ◽  
Martin Petkovich ◽  
Thomas M. Jessell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Early Chick Embryo

Biological Activity of Retinoic Acid Ester in the Domestic Fowl : Production of Vitamin A Deficiency in the Early Chick Embryo

Nature ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 205 (4975) ◽  
pp. 1006-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. THOMPSON ◽  
J. McC. HOWELL ◽  
G. A. J. PITT ◽  
CATHERINE I. HOUGHTON
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Acid Ester ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Early Chick Embryo

The effects of retinoic acid on heart formation in the early chick embryo

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1405-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Osmond ◽  
A.J. Butler ◽  
F.C. Voon ◽  
R. Bellairs
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Heart Tube ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Early Chick Embryo ◽  
Precardiac Mesoderm ◽  
Heart Formation

The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid has previously been shown to have teratogenic effects on heart development in mammalian embryos. The craniomedial migration of the precardiac mesoderm during the early stages of heart formation is thought to depend on a gradient of extracellular fibronectin associated with the underlying endoderm. Here, the effects of retinoic acid on migration of the precardiac mesoderm have been investigated in the early chick embryo. When applied to the whole embryo in culture, the retinoid inhibits the craniomedial migration of the precardiac mesoderm resulting in a heart tube that is stunted cranially, while normal or enlarged caudally. Similarly, a local application of retinoic acid to the heart-forming area disrupts the formation of the cardiogenic crescent and the subsequent development of a single mid-line heart tube. This effect is analogous to removing a segment of endoderm and mesoderm across the heart-forming area and results in various degrees of cardia bifida. At higher concentrations of retinoic acid and earlier developmental stages, two completely separate hearts are produced, while at lower concentrations and later stages there are partial bifurcations. The controls, in which the identical operation is carried out except that dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is used instead of the retinoid, are almost all normal. We propose that one of the teratogenic effects of retinoic acid on the heart is to disrupt the interaction between precardiac cells and the extracellular matrix thus inhibiting their directed migration on the endodermal substratum.

scholarly journals Further studies on the effect of the collagen triple-helix formation on the hydroxylation of lysine and the glycosylations of hydroxylysine in chick-embryo tendon and cartilage cells

1977 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarne Oikarinen ◽  
Henrik Anttinen ◽  
Kari I. Kivirikko
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Collagen Triple Helix ◽  
Helix Formation ◽  
Tendon Cells ◽  
Triple Helix Formation ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
Helical Molecules ◽  
And Cartilage

The hydroxylation of lysine and glycosylations of hydroxylysine were studied in isolated chick-embryo tendon and cartilage cells under conditions in which collagen triple-helix formation was either inhibited or accelerated. The former situation was obtained by incubating the tendon cells with 0.6mm-dithiothreitol, thus decreasing their proline hydroxylase activity by about 99%. After labelling with [14C]proline, the formation of hydroxy[14C]proline was found to have declined by about 95%. Since the hydroxylation of a relatively large number of proline residues is required for triple-helix formation at 37°C, the pro-α-chains synthesized under these conditions apparently cannot form triple-helical molecules. Labelling experiments with [14C]lysine indicated that the degree of hydroxylation of the lysine residues in the collagen synthesized was slightly increased and the degree of the glycosylations of the hydroxylysine residues more than doubled, the largest increase being in the content of glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine. Recovery of chick-embryo cartilage cells from temporary anoxia was used to obtain accelerated triple-helix formation. A marked decrease was found in the extent of hydroxylation of the lysine residues in the collagen synthesized under these conditions, and an even larger decrease occurred in the glycosylations of the hydroxylysine residues. The results support the previous suggestion that the triple-helix formation of the pro-α-chains prevents further hydroxylation of lysine residues and glycosylations of hydroxylysine residues during collagen biosynthesis.

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