scholarly journals Complementary Domains of Retinoic Acid Production and Degradation in the Early Chick Embryo

1999 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Swindell ◽  
Christina Thaller ◽  
Shanthini Sockanathan ◽  
Martin Petkovich ◽  
Thomas M. Jessell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Early Chick Embryo

scholarly journals The uptake and metabolism of retinol, retinoic acid and methyl retinoate by the early chick embryo

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Morgan ◽  
J. N. Thompson ◽  
G. A. J. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Radioactive Substance ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Early Chick Embryo ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism ◽  
Very High

1. Fertile eggs deficient in vitamin A were obtained by feeding hens a diet deficient in retinol (vitamin A alcohol) but containing methyl retinoate.2. Radioactive retinol was injected into the albumen of three of these eggs at a level of 2 μg [6,7-14C]retinol/egg. After 5 days' incubation, 4.6–8.3% of the injected material was recovered in the lipid of the embryo, representing a four- to nine-fold concentration into the embryo from the albumen. Approximately 40–50% of this was unchanged retinol, 15–20% retin-aldehyde and 20–30% probably a long-chain fatty acid retinyl ester. The early embryo can, therefore, metabolize vitamin A very effectively.3. [6,7-14C]Retinoic acid (2 μg) was injected into normal fertile eggs, killing most of the embryos. The eggs with dead embryos were analysed; 0.24% and 0.33% of the injected material was recovered from the embryos. Two embryos which developed contained 0.51% and 0.53% of the injected dose. In no instance was any material identified other than retinoic acid. The extremely low amounts of retinoic acid absorbed by the embryos emphasize the very high toxicity of retinoic acid to the early chick embryo.4. [6,7-14C]Methyl retinoate (0.5 μg) was injected into each of four normal eggs; 8.5–11.6% was isolated as unchanged methyl retinoate after 5 days; no other radioactive substance was detected.

Biological Activity of Retinoic Acid Ester in the Domestic Fowl : Production of Vitamin A Deficiency in the Early Chick Embryo

Nature ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 205 (4975) ◽  
pp. 1006-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. THOMPSON ◽  
J. McC. HOWELL ◽  
G. A. J. PITT ◽  
CATHERINE I. HOUGHTON
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Acid Ester ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Early Chick Embryo

The effects of retinoic acid on heart formation in the early chick embryo

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1405-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Osmond ◽  
A.J. Butler ◽  
F.C. Voon ◽  
R. Bellairs
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Heart Tube ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Early Chick Embryo ◽  
Precardiac Mesoderm ◽  
Heart Formation

The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid has previously been shown to have teratogenic effects on heart development in mammalian embryos. The craniomedial migration of the precardiac mesoderm during the early stages of heart formation is thought to depend on a gradient of extracellular fibronectin associated with the underlying endoderm. Here, the effects of retinoic acid on migration of the precardiac mesoderm have been investigated in the early chick embryo. When applied to the whole embryo in culture, the retinoid inhibits the craniomedial migration of the precardiac mesoderm resulting in a heart tube that is stunted cranially, while normal or enlarged caudally. Similarly, a local application of retinoic acid to the heart-forming area disrupts the formation of the cardiogenic crescent and the subsequent development of a single mid-line heart tube. This effect is analogous to removing a segment of endoderm and mesoderm across the heart-forming area and results in various degrees of cardia bifida. At higher concentrations of retinoic acid and earlier developmental stages, two completely separate hearts are produced, while at lower concentrations and later stages there are partial bifurcations. The controls, in which the identical operation is carried out except that dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is used instead of the retinoid, are almost all normal. We propose that one of the teratogenic effects of retinoic acid on the heart is to disrupt the interaction between precardiac cells and the extracellular matrix thus inhibiting their directed migration on the endodermal substratum.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel Hemangioblast Genes in the Early Chick Embryo

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Serrado Marques ◽  
Vera Teixeira ◽  
António Jacinto ◽  
Ana Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Early Chick Embryo

Organ Antigen in the Early Chick Embryo

1948 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Schechtman
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Early Chick Embryo

Extragonadal distribution of primordial germ cells in the early chick embryo

1988 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Nakamura ◽  
Takashi Kuwana ◽  
Yukihiko Miyayama ◽  
Toyoaki Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Early Chick Embryo
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