Preservation of the environment through regulation of private property: A study of constitutional limitations

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-160
Author(s):  
Alvin S. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Property A

scholarly journals Trees and springs as social property: a perspective on degrowth and redistributive democracy from a Brazilian squatter community

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan DeVore
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Property A ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable ◽  
Natural Springs

Abstract Questions concerning the maldistribution of property and productive resources continue to inform debates about how to bring about societies that are livable, equitable, and ecologically sustainable. In the diverse imaginaries of revolutionary, utopian, socialist, and anti-capitalist politics—together with their adversaries— the notions of "collective" and "private" property have often been conceived as mutually exclusive and exhaustive alternatives. Drawing from several years of ethnographic research with rural squatters in the cacao lands of Bahia, Brazil, the author brings together alternative ways of conceptualizing property that can help overcome this lingering dichotomy and fruitfully inform new political projects. The article examines local practices of property-making through two cases focused on the private ownership and stewardship of natural springs, and the processes whereby squatters convert forest into agroforest. The analysis highlights the ways in which these "private" properties are intersected by "public" interests and "collective" practices, while considering the different kinds of relations that these intersections afford among people and between humans and the non-human environment. Based on these cases, the author suggests that current conversations about "degrowth" may benefit by drawing together frameworks from political ecology, economic anthropology, and property jurisprudence. The presentation concludes by highlighting potential synergies between concerns for degrowth and claims for property democratization. Key Words: degrowth; redistributive democracy; squatters; agroforests; water resources; property rights; private property; commoning; cacao zone; Atlantic Forest; Brazil

scholarly journals Private parts for private property: evolution of penis size with more valuable, easily stolen shells

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 181760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Laidre
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Property A ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Valuable Property ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Penis Size

Evolution has generated enormous diversity in animal genitalia. However, the importance of private property in driving penis size evolution has rarely been explored. Here, I introduce a novel hypothesis, the ‘private parts for private property' hypothesis, which posits that enlarged penises evolved to prevent the theft of property during sex. I tested this hypothesis in hermit crabs, which carry valuable portable property (a shell) and which must emerge from this shell during sex, risking social theft of their property by eavesdroppers. I measured relative penis size (penis-to-body ratio) for N = 328 specimens spanning nine closely related species. Species carrying more valuable, more easily stolen property had significantly larger penis size than species carrying less valuable, less easily stolen property, which, in turn, had larger penis size than species carrying no property at all. These patterns in penis size remained even when phylogeny was controlled for, and the patterns were not explained by alternative hypotheses. Instead, the results suggest larger penises evolved as morphological adaptations to facilitate safe sex, in which individuals retain their valuable property by extending a long penis outside the shell to copulate. This hypothesis may likewise apply to other taxa, including those with valuable but non-portable property.

PRIVATE PROPERTY A MORAL RIGHT

1949 ◽  
Vol 30 (353) ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
James Scally
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Property A

scholarly journals The Potential and Pitfalls of Collector Collaboration in Southeast Arizona

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mary E. Whisenhunt
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Property A ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Crucial Information

ABSTRACT In locales where much of the archaeological record has been destroyed or heavily impacted by pothunting and development, engaging with collector informants—including those who legally excavated sites on private property in the 1980s—can help fill crucial information gaps. However, such collaboration can pose ethical, and potentially legal, challenges. In this article, I outline research goals and results from a survey project in southeast Arizona's York-Duncan Valley, discuss the legal and ethical implications involved in working with former pothunters, and offer a critical evaluation of project practice. Finally, I offer a set of recommendations for those considering similar collaborations. I argue that the rejection of individuals who are knowledgeable about damaged or destroyed archaeological sites effectively silences the sites forever. Data acquired from former pothunters led to the identification and recording of 25 of 87 archaeological sites in the York-Duncan Valley. These individuals also served as interlocutors with others in the local community, helping us foster the trusted relationships necessary to promote site preservation on private property. A long-term engagement strategy that incorporates an assessment determining whether collector informants are responsible or responsive and that nurtures community involvement in preserving local archaeology offers a more productive course of action.

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