Seasonal correlations of specific leaf weight to net photosynthesis and dark respiration of apple leaves

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
John A. Barden
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Leaf Weight

Growth and Physiological Responses of Soybean Under Various Thermoperiods

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJ Warrington ◽  
M Peet ◽  
DT Patterson ◽  
J Bunce ◽  
RM Haslemore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Glycollate Oxidase

Diurnal changes in net photosynthesis, dark respiration, specific leaf weight, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, starch and soluble sugar concentrations, and the activities of malate dehydro- genase and glycollate oxidase were measured in soybeans grown in 23/23,26/20 and 29/17°C thermo- periods, to determine their relationship to thermoperiodic effects on plant growth. Soybean height and main stem leaf number were significantly higher under the constant daylnight (23/23°C) temperature regime. Leaf, stem and root dry weights, and specific leaf weight were all highest where the day/night temperature differential was greatest (29/17°C). Differences in net photosynthesis, dark respiration, starch and soluble sugar concentration, and malate dehydrogenase activity were small between the thermoperiod treatments. However, glycollate oxidase activity was higher under the constant-temperature conditions. Starch concentration, specific leaf weight, and glycollate oxidase activity all increased throughout the photoperiod and subsequently decreased through the dark period. Net photosynthesis declined throughout the photoperiod and both dark respiration and malate dehydrogenase activity peaked at the beginning of the dark period. Each of these diurnal responses was similar under each thermoperiod. Leaf water potential and stomatal conductance did not differ between thermoperiods.

Gas Exchange and Growth in Wheat and Barley Grown in Salt

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Use Efficiency

By measuring a range of gas exchange and growth variables, attempts were made to select key indicators of response to salinity in a wheat (Q61) and a barley (Beecher). A second wheat (WW15, Anza) was included in the growth measurements. Plants were grown to anthesis in gravel culture flushed with 0, 75 or 150 mol m-3 NaCl, and under the high radiation and evaporative conditions of summer. Salinity increased leaf chloride contents and reduced peak photosynthesis, the initial slope of the light response curves, and dark respiration of young leaves at ligule emergence, but dark respiration of slightly older leaves was increased by salinity as were the CO2 compensation points. Short-duration changes in salinity could modify photosynthesis rates by no more than 15% though dark respiration rates moved quickly towards those of plants held continuously at the new salinity level. While Q61 wheat appeared superior to Beecher barley at moderate salinity using these gas exchange indicators, it died at 150 mol m-3 NaCl; Beecher and WW15 survived. Carbon and water budgets are used to propose that the demise of Q61 could have been partially due to its marginally poorer water-use efficiency and its higher specific leaf weight, i.e. its higher requirement for carbon and water to produce each unit area of leaf. It is suggested that measurements of relative leaf expansion rate, specific leaf weight, and water use efficiency would be basic requirements in a salinity screening program. Measurements of ion contents and gas exchange variables are of little benefit when used alone.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization Influences the Physiology of Apple Leaves Subjected to European Red Mite Feeding

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Campbell ◽  
Richard P. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Visual Damage ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mite Feeding ◽  
Leaf N

The interaction of N fertilization and European red mite (ERM) [Panonychus ulmi (Koch)] feeding on the physiology of greenhouse-grown `Imperial Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaves was evaluated. Visual damage was noticeable with 75 mite days (MD) and was consistently greatest on the low-N leaves. Net photosynthesis (Pn) was decreased by mite feeding in all N treatments. However, with equal MD, the high-N treatment retained higher Pn than the low- or medium-N treatments. Transpiration, dark respiration, leaf N, and total chlorophyll increased with N and were reduced by mite feeding. Mite feeding increased dark transpiration at all N levels. Relative water content was unaffected by N and was reduced by mite feeding. Specific leaf weight increased with N and MD.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Characteristics of Apple Spur Leaves after Summer Pruning to Improve Exposure to Light

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Tan Li ◽  
Alan N. Lakso
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Photosystem Ii Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Photosynthetic Ability

Summer pruning increases canopy light penetration and re-exposes spur leaves of the interior canopy of apple trees (Malus ×domestica Borkh.). However, we hypothesized that leaf photosynthetic ability is determined by the pre-pruning light environment, and the re-exposure intensity after summer pruning is incapable of restoring the photosynthesis efficiency of shaded leaves. To test this hypothesis, a commercial-type thinning-cuts pruning was applied to mature central leader `Empire'/M.26 apple trees. Changes in light availability, leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), photosystem II efficiency, and specific leaf weight (SLW) were recorded periodically before and after pruning. Leaf photosynthesis declined slightly through the growing season and was well correlated with pre-pruning light availability until late September. Although Pn decreased more substantially late in the season on exterior leaves than on interior leaves, Pn of leaves in the inner and middle canopies was lower than exterior leaves until late October. Maximum efficiency of photosystem II of dark-adapted leaves, measured by chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), was not related to prior exposure or re-exposure. Specific leaf weight was well correlated with pre-pruning light availability and with leaf Pn in August but not in October. Results suggested that commercial summer pruning significantly increases light environments in the inner and middle canopies. However, light availability at interior and middle canopy sites was still much lower than exterior canopy and, consequently, leaf photosynthetic ability did not increase after summer pruning.

scholarly journals Net Photosynthesis, Specific Leaf Weight, and Flowering of Peach as Influenced by Shade

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Donald L. Sowers
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Flower Density

`Redhaven' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees were shaded to five light levels [100%, 45%, 23%, 17%, and 9% photosynthetic photon flux (PPF)] for four different periods. Net photosynthesis (Pn), measured under the various shade levels, increased nonlinearly with increasing percent PPF. After 18 days of shading, specific leaf weight (SLW) was positively and linearly related to percent PPF. After shade removal, Pn and SLW returned to control levels in 26 and 4 days, respectively. Flower density was positively related to percent PPF when trees were shaded from 16 June to 4 July or 4-31 July, but not from 31 July to 30 Sept. of the previous year.

Inheritance of Leaflet Size and Specific Leaf Weight in Alfalfa 1

Crop Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Song ◽  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight

RFLP tagging of QTLs conditioning specific leaf weight and leaf size in soybean

1998 ◽  
Vol 96 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 354-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. R. Mian ◽  
R. Wells ◽  
T. E. Carter ◽  
D. A. Ashley ◽  
H. R. Boerma
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight

Effect of leaf age on photosynthesis and transpiration of cassava (Manihot esculenta)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (17) ◽  
pp. 2288-2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aslam ◽  
S. B. Lowe ◽  
L. A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Leaf Weight

The effect of plant and leaf age on CO2-exchange rates (CER) and transpiration rates in 15 genotypes of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was measured in situ by infrared gas analysis. The plants were grown in a controlled-environment room with a 14-h photoperiod, day–night temperatures of 29–24 °C, and 60–70% relative humidity.Plant age had no effect on leaf CER, whereas transpiration rates in 14-week-old plants were significantly greater than those in 7-week-old plants. Both CER and transpiration rates decreased with leaf age. The decline was negligible when measured at low photosynthetic photon flux density. At saturating light, however, both CER and transpiration rates decreased significantly in most of the genotypes. Significant genotypic differences were observed in the pattern of decline. Both stomatal (rs) and residual (rr) resistances to the diffusion of CO2 increased with leafage in all the genotypes. The relative increase in rr was much greater than the increase in rs. In all the genotypes the ratio rr:rs was greater than unity, suggesting that rr is the major component of the total resistance to photosynthesis. Chlorophyll content and specific leaf weight also varied significantly among the genotypes. However, chlorophyll content decreased and specific leaf weight increased with leaf age.

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