Release of a reducing substance by the ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius and Paxillus involutus

1991 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Cairney ◽  
A. E. Ashford
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Paxillus Involutus

Application of ectomycorrhizal fungi in rooting of Scots pine fascicular shoots

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1221-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoliina Niemi ◽  
Maija Salonen ◽  
Arild Ernstsen ◽  
Helvi Heinonen-Tanski ◽  
Hely Häggman
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Production

The ectomycorrhizal fungi, Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch and three Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. strains, were used to enhance in vivo rooting in fascicular shoots of 49 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) genotypes representing seed families from southern and northern Finland. Inoculation with specific fungi either increased the rooting percentage or accelerated root formation expressed as an increased number of adventitious roots per cutting. Only one of the six seed families gave no positive response. The relationship between the in vitro production of free and conjugated forms of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by the fungi and rooting was also investigated. Pisolithus tinctorius was the only significant producer of IAA in the absence of exogenous tryptophan. All the Paxillus involutus strains also synthesized both free and conjugated IAA but did that actively only from exogenous tryptophan. In vitro production of IAA did not correlate with root induction in vivo, but the rooting responses depended on the fungus strains and the Scots pine seed families and (or) genotypes within families. This indicates that in vitro IAA production capacity cannot be the only criterion when selecting ectomycorrhizal fungi for rooting in vivo and that specific genotype-genotype interactions play a key role in root initiation.

Sclerotia as viable sources of mycelia for the establishment of ectomycorrhizae

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1085-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Grenville ◽  
Y. Piché ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pure Cultures

The ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius and Paxillus involutus, which have wide host potential and diverse ecological ranges, were grown in association with pine seedlings in plastic growth pouches. Sclerotia formed under these conditions were stored at room temperature for up to 30 days and then germinated on agar medium. Pure cultures of P. involutus also produced sclerotia and these also regenerated in culture. Mycelial plugs from the sclerotia-derived cultures were subsequently reinoculated onto pine roots. Typical ectomycorrhizae with a mantle and Hartig net were established.

scholarly journals Cadmium-Responsive Thiols in the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Paxillus involutus

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 7413-7417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Courbot ◽  
Laurent Diez ◽  
Roberta Ruotolo ◽  
Michel Chalot ◽  
Pierre Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method

ABSTRACT Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the sustained metal tolerance of ectomycorrhizal fungi are largely unknown. Some of the main mechanisms involved in metal detoxification appear to involve the chelation of metal ions in the cytosol with thiol-containing compounds, such as glutathione, phytochelatins, or metallothioneins. We used an improved high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous measurement of thiol-containing compounds from cysteine and its derivatives (γ-glutamylcysteine, glutathione) to higher-molecular-mass compounds (phytochelatins). We found that glutathione and γ-glutamylcysteine contents increased when the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus was exposed to cadmium. An additional compound with a 3-kDa molecular mass, most probably related to a metallothionein, increased drastically in mycelia exposed to cadmium. The relative lack of phytochelatins and the presence of a putative metallothionein suggest that ectomycorrhizal fungi may use a different means to tolerate heavy metals, such as Cd, than do their plant hosts.

Effet du phosphate et du calcium sur la croissance et l'accumulation ionique chez les champignons ectomycorhiziens en culture in vitro

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2600-2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mousain ◽  
Louis Salsac
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Total P

The orthophosphate and calcium influence on growth and ionic accumulation was studied in several ectomycorrhizal fungi (Pisolithus tinctorius included) grown in vitro. The "optimal" growth was obtained with [Formula: see text] concentrations much lower than those of usual media: it may be represented by an exponential function, the parameters ("maximal" growth and "concentration of half-maximal growth") of which were calculated. For low phosphate and calcium concentrations in the medium the dry matter mass of the mycelium and their content of the two elements increased simultaneously. For high concentrations, an accumulation independant of growth was observed in the thalli. When the P. tinctorius mycelium accumulated phosphate and calcium in relatively large amounts, these accumulations seemed to be not correlated. Rather, the correlation between the accumulation of total phosphorus and that of potassium was significant. The ratio of acid-soluble P to total P decreased in the mycelium when the orthophosphate concentration increased in the medium.

Co-metabolic degradation of mono-fluorophenols by the ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius

Chemosphere ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albina R. Franco ◽  
António C. Ferreira ◽  
Paula M.L. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Metabolic Degradation

Some mechanisms involved in growth stimulation of ectomycorrhizal fungi by bacteria

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2148-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Duponnois ◽  
J. Garbaye
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Trophic Effect ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
First Results

The stimulating effect of some soil bacteria on the growth of two ectomycorrhizal fungi (Hebeloma crustuliniforme Bull. Saint Amans and Paxillus involutus Batsch. ex Fr.) is considered. Two mechanisms are involved: a direct trophic effect of the bacteria on the fungi, and an indirect effect by detoxication of the fungal culture medium. This is supported by observations that (i) some organic acids (citric acid, malic acid), released by the bacteria, stimulate the growth of the two fungi, and (ii) Paxillus involutus releases polyphenolic substances that are toxic to itself but are metabolized by the bacteria. These first results suggest that some bacteria can have beneficial effects during the saprophytic phase of ectomycorrhizal fungi before mycorrhizal infection.

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on growth and ectomycorrhizal formation of Quercus alba, Q. rubra, Q. falcata, and Q. falcata var. pagodifolia

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2507-2514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Beckjord ◽  
John H. Melhuish Jr. ◽  
Marla S. McIntosh ◽  
Edward Hacskaylo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Quercus Alba

Quercus alba, Q. rubra, Q. falcata, and Q. falcata variety pagodifolia seedlings were grown for 105 or 110 days in containers in a greenhouse in a medium with and without vegetative or basidiospore inoculum of the ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius and Scleroderma auranteum. At 15 days after planting acorns, nitrogen in the form of sodium nitrate or ammonium chloride was added to each container at the rates of 0.0 or 100 mg nitrogen per seedling. Growth of all Quercus seedlings that were not fertilized was significantly less than seedlings fertilized with nitrate or ammonium nitrogen (100 mg N). Ectomycorrhizal development of all Quercus seedlings that were not fertilized or fertilized with sodim nitrate (100 mg N) was significantly less than seedlings fertilized with ammonium chloride (100 mg N). Ectomycorrhizal development of oak species varied with different mycorrhizal inocula.

Technique for the observation of early morphological changes during ectomycorrhiza formation

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. André Fortin ◽  
Yves Piché ◽  
Maurice Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Cenococcum Graniforme

Flat, transparent polyester growth pouches were used for synthesis of ectomycorrhizae on Pinus strobus seedlings. Typical ectomycorrhizae with mantle and Hartig net were obtained within 5 days after inoculation with Pisolithus tinctorius. An extensive extramatrical network of hyphae and hyphal strands could be observed within 15 days after ectomycorrhizae formation. The process was somewhat slower with Cenococcum graniforme. Other proven ectomycorrhizal fungi on P. strobus were unsuccessful in forming ectomycorrhizae under conditions used in these experiments.

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