Effects of nitrogen fertilization on growth and ectomycorrhizal formation of Quercus alba, Q. rubra, Q. falcata, and Q. falcata var. pagodifolia

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2507-2514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Beckjord ◽  
John H. Melhuish Jr. ◽  
Marla S. McIntosh ◽  
Edward Hacskaylo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Quercus Alba

Quercus alba, Q. rubra, Q. falcata, and Q. falcata variety pagodifolia seedlings were grown for 105 or 110 days in containers in a greenhouse in a medium with and without vegetative or basidiospore inoculum of the ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius and Scleroderma auranteum. At 15 days after planting acorns, nitrogen in the form of sodium nitrate or ammonium chloride was added to each container at the rates of 0.0 or 100 mg nitrogen per seedling. Growth of all Quercus seedlings that were not fertilized was significantly less than seedlings fertilized with nitrate or ammonium nitrogen (100 mg N). Ectomycorrhizal development of all Quercus seedlings that were not fertilized or fertilized with sodim nitrate (100 mg N) was significantly less than seedlings fertilized with ammonium chloride (100 mg N). Ectomycorrhizal development of oak species varied with different mycorrhizal inocula.

GROWTH AND METABOLISM OF ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS EIDAM ON DIFFERENT NITROGEN SOURCES IN SYNTHETIC MEDIA CONDUCIVE TO FAT FORMATION

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiser Naguib ◽  
Kamel Saddik
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Surface Culture ◽  
Sugar Absorption

Aspergillus nidulans has been grown in surface culture on high-sugar media favorable for fat formation and containing, as nitrogen source, sodium nitrate, ammonium chloride, or asparagine. Growth, sugar and nitrogen uptake, and syntheses of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat were all followed over an incubation period of 20 days. In the early stages, growth was influenced by the nature of the nitrogen source, being highest on asparagine and lowest on ammonium chloride, with the same sugar uptake. Later, dry weight increase proceeded at a high rate on asparagine, at a moderate rate on sodium nitrate, and it almost stopped on ammonium chloride, where the pH dropped to a very low value. At this stage, increase in dry weight followed sugar absorption, and was due to accretion of non-nitrogenous compounds.Asparagine media were by far superior to nitrate or ammonium media for fat formation. Protein and carbohydrate contents were higher in nitrate- than in asparagine- or ammonium-fed mycelial felts. All synthetic processes almost stopped in ammonium cultures after the early growth phase. It seems that the attitude of the fungus towards ammonium nitrogen could not be fully manifested due to restricted growth, and therefore it is suggested that no definite conclusions with regard to ammonium utilization by Aspergillus nidulans can be drawn unless the pH of the medium is controlled and growth on ammonium nitrogen made possible.

Effet du phosphate et du calcium sur la croissance et l'accumulation ionique chez les champignons ectomycorhiziens en culture in vitro

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2600-2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mousain ◽  
Louis Salsac
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Total P

The orthophosphate and calcium influence on growth and ionic accumulation was studied in several ectomycorrhizal fungi (Pisolithus tinctorius included) grown in vitro. The "optimal" growth was obtained with [Formula: see text] concentrations much lower than those of usual media: it may be represented by an exponential function, the parameters ("maximal" growth and "concentration of half-maximal growth") of which were calculated. For low phosphate and calcium concentrations in the medium the dry matter mass of the mycelium and their content of the two elements increased simultaneously. For high concentrations, an accumulation independant of growth was observed in the thalli. When the P. tinctorius mycelium accumulated phosphate and calcium in relatively large amounts, these accumulations seemed to be not correlated. Rather, the correlation between the accumulation of total phosphorus and that of potassium was significant. The ratio of acid-soluble P to total P decreased in the mycelium when the orthophosphate concentration increased in the medium.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization in Oncidium baueri seedling growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (33) ◽  
pp. 1747-1753
Author(s):  
Aparecida Schnitzer Jenniffer ◽  
Rodrigues Brito Osmar ◽  
Tadeu de Faria Ricardo
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization

Co-metabolic degradation of mono-fluorophenols by the ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius

Chemosphere ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albina R. Franco ◽  
António C. Ferreira ◽  
Paula M.L. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Metabolic Degradation

scholarly journals ECONOMIC RETURNS ON NITROGEN FERTILIZATION EXPERIMENTS FOR PUMPKINS AT TUSKEGEE, ALABAMA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 856d-856
Author(s):  
N. Baharanyi ◽  
E. G. Rhoden ◽  
V. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Fertilization Experiments ◽  
Enterprise Budgets

This study examined the potential economic returns of using four different sources of nitrogen on `calabaza' pumpkins, a low moisture variety consumed as starch by many foreign nationals. Yields were 12.4, 12.6, 8.2 and 9.5 kg/plant for ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and urea, respectively. Assuming 1989 farm gate prices in Alabama and other appropriate cost for vaious inputs used, the estimated return at $0.30/lb of pumpkin was $10,003, $10,115, $6,105 and $7,371/acre for different sources of nitrogen, respectively. The relatively higher return from sodium nitrate use explains the use of this source of nitrogen on rented land. A sensitivity analysis of the enterprise budgets shows a breakeven price between $0.02 and $0.10/lb.

A comparison of the effects of different shelterwood harvest methods on the survival and growth of acorn-origin oak seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2359-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick H. Brose
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Quercus Alba ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Quercus Velutina ◽  
Germination Success ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Timely development of newly germinated oak (Quercus spp.) seedlings into competitive-sized regeneration is an essential part of the oak regeneration process. The amount of sunlight reaching the forest floor partly governs this development, and foresters often use the shelterwood system to expose oak seedlings to varying degrees of insolation. To further understand the seedling development–sunlight–shelterwood relationships, I conducted a multiyear study at five locations in Pennsylvania. Each location had four stands either uncut or recently treated with one of three shelterwood harvest methods (preparatory cut, first removal cut, or final removal cut) resulting in four different levels of sunlight reaching the forest floor. In each stand, four 32 m2 plots were prepared, and each was planted with 400 acorns of black (Quercus velutina Lam.), chestnut (Quercus montana Willd.), northern red (Quercus rubra L.), or white oak (Quercus alba L.) and protected from wildlife. Germination success was universally high and for the next 8 years, I monitored seedling survival and measured seedling growth. The final and first removal cut treatments had higher seedling survival than the preparatory cut and uncut treatments. Oak seedling growth was positively related to sunlight availability; seedlings in the final removal cut grew the most, followed in descending order by those in the first removal cut, preparatory cut, and uncut treatments. These findings provide insight into the subtleties of regenerating oak forests with the shelterwood system.

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