Kappa Opioid Signaling at the Crossroads of Chronic Pain and Opioid Addiction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Cahill ◽  
Lindsay Lueptow ◽  
Hannah Kim ◽  
Raj Shusharla ◽  
Amy Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Opioid Addiction ◽  
Kappa Opioid ◽  
Opioid Signaling

Classification and identification of opioid addiction in chronic pain patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1014-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jette Højsted ◽  
Per Rotbøll Nielsen ◽  
Sally Kendall Guldstrand ◽  
Liv Frich ◽  
Per Sjøgren
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Opioid Addiction ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Pain Patients

scholarly journals Diagnosing opioid addiction in people with chronic pain

BMJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. k3949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Gorfinkel ◽  
Pauline Voon ◽  
Evan Wood ◽  
Jan Klimas
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Opioid Addiction

Kratom and Future Treatment for the Opioid Addiction and Chronic Pain: Periculo Beneficium?

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismaliza Ismail ◽  
Suzaily Wahab ◽  
Hatta Sidi ◽  
Srijit Das ◽  
Loo Jiann Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Opioid Receptors ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Opioid Addiction ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Substitution Therapy ◽  
Mitragyna Speciosa ◽  
Reward Pathways ◽  
Potential Use

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a naturally existing plant found in South-East Asia, is traditionally used as a herb to help elevate a person’s energy and also to treat numerous medical ailments. Other than the analgesic property, kratom has been used as an agent to overcome opioid withdrawal as it contains natural alkaloids, i.e. mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, and MGM-9, which has agonist affinity on the opioid receptors, including mu (µ) and kappa (κ). The role of neural reward pathways linked to µ-opioid receptors and both dopaminergic and gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons that express µ-opioid receptors were deliberated. However, kratom has been reported to be abused together with other illicit substances with high risk of potential addiction. There are also anecdotes of adverse effects and toxicity of kratom, i.e. tremor, fatigue, seizure, and death. Different countries have distinctive regulation and policy on the plantation and use of this plant when most of the countries banned the use of it because of its addiction problems and side effects. The aim of this review is to highlight on the potential use of kratom, unique ‘herbs” as a substitution therapy for chronic pain and opioid addiction, based on the neurobiological perspective of pain and the underlying mechanism of actions of drug addiction.

scholarly journals Pain volatility and prescription opioid addiction treatment outcomes in patients with chronic pain.

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Worley ◽  
Keith G. Heinzerling ◽  
Steven Shoptaw ◽  
Walter Ling
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Opioid Addiction ◽  
Prescription Opioid

scholarly journals Can We Predict Addiction to Opioid Analgesics? A Possible Tool to Estimate the Risk of Opioid Addiction in Patients with Pain

2013 ◽  
Vol 6;16 (6;11) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Skala
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Family History ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Opioid Addiction ◽  
Key Words Pain ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronic Pain Conditions

Background: The use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of chronic pain conditions has long been controversial. They have been reported to be relatively safe when prescribed with caution, but a brief and valid instrument to estimate a person’s risk of addiction is still missing. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate a self-rating questionnaire allowing an estimation of a person’s risk of addiction to opioid analgesics. Study Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Four Austrian hospitals. Methods: Seven hundred forty-one patients were interviewed. Of these, 634 patients were affected with chronic pain while 107 patients had a history of opioid addiction. Patients were interviewed about alcohol and nicotine consumption and family history of psychiatric disorders. Attitudes towards medication and the origin of pain were examined. We asked patients with an opioid addiction and patients suffering from chronic pain to complete a short questionnaire intended to help screen for addiction potential. Results: Compared to the patients suffering from chronic pain, patients with an opioid addiction significantly more often had alcohol- and nicotine-related pathologies and psychiatric comorbidity. A family history of mental illness and developmental problems were significantly more frequent in this group. Compared to those not addicted, those with an opioid addiction had significantly higher expectations concerning the potential of medication to change one’s mental state; they thought that psychological factors might contribute to the pain they feel. Limitations: The main limitation of this study is the use of a self-rating instrument which reduces objectivity and introduces the possibility of misreporting. Also, the 2 groups differ in number and are not homogenous. Conclusion: We found differences in questionnaire responses between patients with an opioid addiction and patients suffering from chronic pain to be dependent upon the prevalence of current or former addiction, psychiatric history, attitudes towards medication, and ideas about the origin of pain. We believe these factors have predictive value in estimating a patient with pain’s risk of addiction. Key words: Pain, opioids, analgesics, addiction, questionnaire, self-rating, screening

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