scholarly journals ZnO nanostructured materials for emerging solar cell applications

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (70) ◽  
pp. 42838-42859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Wibowo ◽  
Maradhana Agung Marsudi ◽  
Muhamad Ikhlasul Amal ◽  
Muhammad Bagas Ananda ◽  
Ruth Stephanie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Electron Mobility ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Conductivity ◽  
Conductivity Electron

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been considered as one of the potential materials in solar cell applications, owing to its relatively high conductivity, electron mobility, stability against photo-corrosion and availability at low-cost.

Formation of deuterium-related shallow donors in boron-doped diamond.

2004 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Chevallier ◽  
Zéphirin Teukam ◽  
Cécile Saguy ◽  
Rafi Kalish ◽  
Catherine Cytermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electron Mobility ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Ionization Energy ◽  
Type Conversion ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Type Conductivity ◽  
Shallow Donors ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
P Type

ABSTRACTIt is well known that diffusion of deuterium in boron-doped diamond results in the passivation of boron acceptors with the formation of (B,D) complexes. In this work, we show that deuteration of boron-doped diamond can induce a p-type to n-type conversion under certain conditions. The n-type conductivity is governed by the ionization of shallow donors with a ionization energy of 0.34 eV. This is well below the lowest ionization energy of donors found up to now in diamond (0.6 eV for phosphorus donors). The electrical conductivity and the electron mobility can be as high as 6 S/cm and 430 cm2/Vs at 300 K. The reversibility of the effect under thermal annealing and the necessity of excess deuterium to trigger the n-type conductivity suggest that deuterium is involved in the formation of the shallow donors. The present status concerning the understanding of their origin is discussed. In addition, we have found that, contrary to previous conclusions, deuterium can diffuse in type Ib diamond. The conditions where this diffusion is observed are presented.

scholarly journals Towards higher electron mobility in modulation doped GaAs/AlGaAs core shell nanowires

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 7839-7846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Boland ◽  
Gözde Tütüncüoglu ◽  
Juliane Q. Gong ◽  
Sonia Conesa-Boj ◽  
Christopher L. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electron Mobility ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Semiconductor Nanowires ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Shell Nanowires

Precise control over the electrical conductivity of semiconductor nanowires is a crucial prerequisite for implementation into novel electronic and optoelectronic devices.

Removing Substrate Background in TEM Microanalysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
John C. Russ ◽  
Nicholas C. Barbi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Organic Film ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
Background Signal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Continuum

The rapid growth of interest in attaching energy-dispersive x-ray analysis systems to transmission electron microscopes has centered largely on microanalysis of biological specimens. These are frequently either embedded in plastic or supported by an organic film, which is of great importance as regards stability under the beam since it provides thermal and electrical conductivity from the specimen to the grid.Unfortunately, the supporting medium also produces continuum x-radiation or Bremsstrahlung, which is added to the x-ray spectrum from the sample. It is not difficult to separate the characteristic peaks from the elements in the specimen from the total continuum background, but sometimes it is also necessary to separate the continuum due to the sample from that due to the support. For instance, it is possible to compute relative elemental concentrations in the sample, without standards, based on the relative net characteristic elemental intensities without regard to background; but to calculate absolute concentration, it is necessary to use the background signal itself as a measure of the total excited specimen mass.

Macromolecular structures of biological specimens are not obscured by controlled osmium impregnation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters ◽  
Samuel A. Green
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Osmium Impregnation ◽  
Instrumental Resolution ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Continuous Metal

High magnification imaging of macromolecules on metal coated biological specimens is limited only by wet preparation procedures since recently obtained instrumental resolution allows visualization of topographic structures as smal l as 1-2 nm. Details of such dimensions may be visualized if continuous metal films with a thickness of 2 nm or less are applied. Such thin films give sufficient contrast in TEM as well as in SEM (SE-I image mode). The requisite increase in electrical conductivity for SEM of biological specimens is achieved through the use of ligand mediated wet osmiuum impregnation of the specimen before critical point (CP) drying. A commonly used ligand is thiocarbohvdrazide (TCH), first introduced to TEM for en block staining of lipids and glvcomacromolecules with osmium black. Now TCH is also used for SEM. However, after ligand mediated osinification nonspecific osmium black precipitates were often found obscuring surface details with large diffuse aggregates or with dense particular deposits, 2-20 nm in size. Thus, only low magnification work was considered possible after TCH appl ication.

Total Body Electrical Conductivity Measurements in the Neonate

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta L. Fiorotto ◽  
William J. Klish
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Total Body
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