Microtubule Organization in the Cow during Fertilization, Polyspermy, Parthenogenesis, and Nuclear Transfer: The Role of the Sperm Aster

1994 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Navara ◽  
N.L. First ◽  
G. Schatten
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Sperm Aster

scholarly journals Spindle Formation and Microtubule Organization During First Division in Reconstructed Rat Embryos Produced by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuo TOMIOKA ◽  
Eiji MIZUTANI ◽  
Tomoyuki YOSHIDA ◽  
Atsushi SUGAWARA ◽  
Kentaro INAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Spindle Formation ◽  
Rat Embryos

scholarly journals The essential role of LIS1, NDEL1 and Aurora-A in polarity formation and microtubule organization during neurogensis

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Yamada ◽  
Shinji Hirotsune ◽  
Anthony Wynshaw-Boris
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Aurora A ◽  
Microtubule Organization

scholarly journals Correction: The Role of γ-Tubulin in Centrosomal Microtubule Organization

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen O'Toole ◽  
Garrett Greenan ◽  
Karen I. Lange ◽  
Martin Srayko ◽  
Thomas Müller-Reichert
Keyword(s):  
Microtubule Organization

Control of cell cycle length in amphibian eggs: evidence for a temporal relationship between the nucleus and egg cytoplasm

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
C. Aimar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Pleurodeles Waltl ◽  
Cell Cycle Length

The role of the cytoplasm and nucleus in the control of the length of the division cycle was investigated in Pleurodeles waltl eggs. Injection of spermine into enucleated eggs showed that the ability to cleave was not restricted just to the period of normal cytokinesis (T=1.0) but was possible throughout most of the first egg cycle. The cytoplasmic components required for cytokinesis seem to increase progressively during the first division cycle. Nuclear transfer experiments indicated that the timing of cleavage was normal only when the nucleus and egg cytoplasm were reassociated between T=0.0 (activation time) and T=0.50. Delayed associations, after T=0.50, provoked an alteration in the chronology of first cleavage and led to abnormal embryonic development. In the absence of a nucleus, the egg cycle seemed to stop at T=0.50. These different observations suggest that the normal timing of cleavage not only depends on a ‘cytoplasmic clock’ but is also determined by an isochronous nucleocytoplasmic relationship during the early phase of egg development.

Behavior of γ-tubulin during spindle formation in Xenopus oocytes: requirement of cytoplasmic dynein-dependent translocation

Zygote ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Kotani ◽  
Masakane Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Germinal Vesicle Breakdown ◽  
Spindle Formation ◽  
Bipolar Spindle

Vertebrate oocytes do not contain centrosomes and therefore form an acentrosomal spindle during oocyte maturation. γ-Tubulin is known to be essential for nucleation of microtubules at centrosomes, but little is known about the behaviour and role of γ-tubulin during spindle formation in oocytes. We first observed sequential localization of γ-tubulin during spindle formation in Xenopus oocytes. γ-Tubulin assembled in the basal regions of the germinal vesicle (GV) at the onset of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and remained on the microtubule-organizing centre (MTOC) until a complex of the MTOC and transient-microtubule array (TMA) reached the oocyte surface. Prior to bipolar spindle formation, oocytes formed an aggregation of microtubules and γ-tubulin was concentrated at the centre of the aggregation. At the late stage of bipolar spindle formation, γ-tubulin accumulated at each pole. Anti-dynein antibody disrupted the localization of γ-tubulin, indicating that the translocation described above is dependent on dynein activity. We finally revealed that XMAP215, a microtubule-associated protein cooperating with γ-tubulin for the assembly of microtubules, but not γ-tubulin, was phosphorylated during oocyte maturation. These results suggest that γ-tubulin is translocated by dynein to regulate microtubule organization leading to spindle formation and that modification of the molecules that cooperate with γ-tubulin, but not γ-tubulin itself, is important for microtubule reorganization.

Role of nucleocytoplasmic transport in interphase microtubule organization in fission yeast

2018 ◽  
Vol 503 (2) ◽  
pp. 1160-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Kume ◽  
Sayuri Kaneko ◽  
Kenji Nishikawa ◽  
Masaki Mizunuma ◽  
Dai Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Transport ◽  
Microtubule Organization

scholarly journals Dynein Intermediate Chain Mediated Dynein–Dynactin Interaction Is Required for Interphase Microtubule Organization and Centrosome Replication and Separation inDictyostelium

1999 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Ma ◽  
Leda Triviños-Lagos ◽  
Ralph Gräf ◽  
Rex L. Chisholm
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Dynein Intermediate Chain ◽  
Organizing Center ◽  
Intermediate Chain

Cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain (IC) mediates dynein–dynactin interaction in vitro (Karki, S., and E.L. Holzbaur. 1995. J. Biol. Chem. 270:28806–28811; Vaughan, K.T., and R.B. Vallee. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 131:1507–1516). To investigate the physiological role of IC and dynein–dynactin interaction, we expressed IC truncations in wild-type Dictyostelium cells. ICΔC associated with dynactin but not with dynein heavy chain, whereas ICΔN truncations bound to dynein but bound dynactin poorly. Both mutations resulted in abnormal localization to the Golgi complex, confirming dynein function was disrupted. Striking disorganization of interphase microtubule (MT) networks was observed when mutant expression was induced. In a majority of cells, the MT networks collapsed into large bundles. We also observed cells with multiple cytoplasmic asters and MTs lacking an organizing center. These cells accumulated abnormal DNA content, suggesting a defect in mitosis. Striking defects in centrosome morphology were also observed in IC mutants, mostly larger than normal centrosomes. Ultrastructural analysis of centrosomes in IC mutants showed interphase accumulation of large centrosomes typical of prophase as well as unusually paired centrosomes, suggesting defects in centrosome replication and separation. These results suggest that dynactin-mediated cytoplasmic dynein function is required for the proper organization of interphase MT network as well as centrosome replication and separation in Dictyostelium.

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