Impact of Crown Rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) on Competitive Interactions between Wild Oats (Avena fatua) and Stipa (Nassella pulchra)

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D Carsten ◽  
Bruce Maxwell ◽  
Mareike R Johnston ◽  
David C Sands
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Nassella Pulchra

INHERITANCE OF CROWN RUST RESISTANCE GENES IN AVENA STERILIS COLLECTIONS FROM ISRAEL, PORTUGAL, AND TUNISIA

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fleischmann ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie ◽  
W. A. Shipton
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Puccinia Coronata Avenae ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

The inheritance of genes in three collections of Avena sterilis wild oats conferring resistance to races 216, 264, 295, 305, 326, 330, 332, and 446 of crown rust, Puccinia coronata avenae, was investigated. C. I. 8081 from Portugal contained a partially dominant gene, designated Pc47, which conferred resistance to all eight races. CW486 from Tunisia had a dominant gene, designated Pc50, which gave resistance to all races except 295, 326, and 446. F158 from Israel had two dominant genes; one, designated Pc48, conferred resistance to all the races but 305, while the second, designated Pc49, conferred resistance to races 216, 326, 330, 332, and 446. Genes Pc47, Pc48, Pc49, and Pc50 were inherited independently of each other and of those genes previously isolated from A. sterilis.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Resistance to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae in Avena fatua

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2616-2624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Paczos-Grzeda ◽  
Sylwia Sowa ◽  
Aneta Koroluk ◽  
Tim Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Infection Pattern ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance

Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, is the most widespread and harmful fungal disease of oat. The best defense against the pathogen is use of cultivars with genetic resistance, which is effective, economic, and an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical control. However, the continuous evolution of the pathogen can rapidly overcome major gene resistance, creating an urgent need to identify new sources. Wild oat accessions have already proven to be valuable donors of many resistance genes, but the weed species Avena fatua remains underexploited. Its abundance across multiple environments and the frequent occurrence of herbicide-resistant populations demonstrate its ready ability to adapt to biotic and abiotic stresses; yet, surprisingly, there are no extensive studies which describe crown rust resistance occurrence in gene bank stocks of A. fatua. In this study, 204 accessions of A. fatua maintained in the collections of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Polish National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources were evaluated at the seedling stage for crown rust reaction using host–pathogen tests with five highly diverse and virulent races of P. coronata. Of tested genotypes, 85% showed a heterogeneous infection pattern, while 61% were susceptible or moderately susceptible to all races. Of the 79 resistant A. fatua accessions, seedling resistance to at least two P. coronata isolates was recognized within 19 accessions, with 13 displaying a homogeneously resistant phenotype to one or two races. Accessions showing multiple single seedling resistance to three or four isolates were observed. Based on the seedling reaction to isolates used in the study, 18 infection profiles (IP) were determined. Using UPGMA clustering, resistant accessions were divided into six main clusters encompassing samples with similar IPs. Twelve of 18 patterns allowed us to postulate the likely presence of novel crown rust resistance genes, whose origin was predominantly from Kenya or Egypt. Future work will clarify the genetic basis of the resistances observed here, as well as confirm their potential utility in breeding resistant oat cultivars.

The effectiveness of resistance genes from wild oats, Avena sterilis, against oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenue, in Canada in 1969

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2117-2121
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Oat Crown Rust

All isolates of oat crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, identified in Canada in 1969 were inoculated onto 12 different lines containing resistance from wild oats, Avena sterilis, collected in Europe and the Middle East. Lines that contain resistance genes Pc-38 and Pc-39, and wild oat collections CI 8081 and F158, provide effective resistance to nearly every culture of crown rust. Regional differences in the level of virulence of crown rust cultures isolated from eastern and western Canada were observed on lines that contain A. sterilis resistance, with cultures of crown rust isolated from the east being generally less virulent than those from western Canada.

A Field Trial of Crown Rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) as a Biocontrol Agent of Wild Oats on San Clemente Island

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D Carsten ◽  
Mareike R Johnston ◽  
Lisa I Douglas ◽  
David C Sands
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
San Clemente Island

Barban Selectivity for Wild Oat in Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Neidermyer ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wild Oats

The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate) was studied as influenced by plant morphology and air temperature after application. Growth of wheat and wild oat seedlings was reduced by barban at 0.3 μg and 0.6 μg applied to the first node, respectively. Barban application to the base and midpoint of the first leaf blade required a lower dose to reduce wild oat growth than wheat growth. Increased tillering occurred from barban injury to the main culm in wheat. Wheat and wild oat susceptibility to barban increased as the post-treatment temperature decreased from 32 to 10 C. Barban selectivity for wild oats in wheat was greater at 27 and 21 C than at 16 and 10 C.

scholarly journals Virulence of Oat Crown Rust in Brazil and Uruguay

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 802-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Leonard ◽  
J. A. Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
South American ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Important Disease

Race-specific resistance to crown rust, the most important disease of oat (Avena sativa) in Bra-zil, often fails within a few years of use in Brazilian cultivars. Virulence of 144 isolates of Puccinia coronata from cultivated oat in Brazil in 1997 to 1999 and 36 isolates from Uruguay in 1994-95 and 1998 was tested on a set of 27 oat crown rust differentials lines, each with a different Pc gene for race-specific resistance. Frequencies of virulence and mean virulence complexity were compared among these five collections from Brazil and Uruguay as well as with mean virulence complexity for a collection of 17 isolates from cultivated oat in western Siberia in Russia. Virulence-avirulence for each of the 27 Pc genes was polymorphic in both Brazil and Uruguay. Virulence frequencies were similar for collections from Brazil in 1998 and 1999 and for the collection from Uruguay from 1998, but there were large differences between the 1997 collection and the 1998 and 1999 collections from Brazil. Mean virulence complexity in both Brazil and Uruguay was greater than reported in the United States and much greater than in the Russian collection of P. coronata. A large number of races of P. coronata were found, with no more than five isolates of any race found in a single year in Brazil or Uruguay. The high virulence complexity and great diversity of virulence polymorphisms in Brazil and Uruguay make it unlikely that race-specific resistance can be effective there even though the South American populations of P. coronata are apparently entirely asexual.

scholarly journals Incidence and Distribution of Puccinia coronata and P. graminis on Turfgrass in the Midwestern United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-963
Author(s):  
Brijesh B. Karakkat ◽  
Vonte L. Jackson ◽  
Paul L. Koch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Relationship Of

Crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata) and stem rust (caused by P. graminis) are two common and destructive diseases of turfgrass in the United States. Crown rust has been associated with perennial ryegrass and stem rust with Kentucky bluegrass when identified based solely on fungal morphology. However, recent studies using molecular identification methods have indicated the host–pathogen relationship of rusts on turf to be more complex. Our primary objective was to quickly and accurately identify P. coronata and P. graminis in symptomatic turfgrass leaves over 3 years on turfgrass samples from across the Midwestern United States. Between 2013 and 2015, 413 samples of symptomatic cool-season turfgrass from Wisconsin and surrounding states were screened using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of these samples, 396 were Kentucky bluegrass and 17% of them contained P. coronata, 69% contained P. graminis, and 13% contained both P. coronata and P. graminis. In addition, both year and location effects were observed on the distribution of Puccinia spp. collected annually from two locations in southern Wisconsin. This research supports previous conclusions that have identified variability among P. graminis and P. coronata host relationships on turfgrass, and further demonstrates that rust fungal populations on Kentucky bluegrass may not be consistent between locations in the same year or over multiple years at the same location. The increasing evidence of variation in the turfgrass rust populations will likely affect future rust management and turfgrass breeding efforts.

Dynamics of competition between wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and winter cereals

Weed Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. COUSENS ◽  
S. E. WEAVER ◽  
T. D. MARTIN ◽  
A. M. BLAIR ◽  
J WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Winter Cereals

SPRAY DROPLET DISTRIBUTION AND HERBICIDE UPTAKE IN SEQUENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF DICLOFOP-METHYL AND MCPA FOR WEED CONTROL IN BARLEY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. QURESHI ◽  
W. H. VANDEN BORN
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Droplet Distribution ◽  
Spray Droplets ◽  
Spray Volume

Uptake of 14C-diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy propanoate]} by leaves of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) was reduced significantly in the presence of MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid]}, especially the dimethylamine formulation. If the herbicides were applied separately, the degree of interference with uptake depended on the extent of overlap of droplets of the two spray preparations on the leaf surface. Spray volume and direction of spray application were important factors in minimizing the mixing of spray droplets on the leaves if the two herbicides were applied separately with a tandem arrangement of two sprayers. Such a sequential application of MCPA ester and diclofop-methyl in a field experiment provided significantly greater wild oat control than could be obtained with a tank mix of the same two herbicides, but the results were not consistent enough to recommend the procedure for practical use.

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