Nutrient intake and apparent digestibility of diets consumed by captive duikers at the Dambari Field Station, Zimbabwe

Zoo Biology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy B. Plowman
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Field Station

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of captive colobines in relation to stomach types with special reference to fibre digestion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Hoshino ◽  
Satoru Seino ◽  
Takashi Funahashi ◽  
Tomonori Hoshino ◽  
Marcus Clauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Nasalis Larvatus ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Colobine Monkeys ◽  
Plant Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Trachypithecus Cristatus

AbstractColobine monkeys are known for the anatomical complexity of their stomachs, making them distinct within the primate order. Amongst foregut fermenters, they appear peculiar because of the occurrence of two different stomach types, having either three (‘tripartite’) or four (‘quadripartite’, adding the praesaccus) chambers. The functional differences between tri and quadripartite stomachs largely remain to be explained. In this study, we aim to compare the apparent digestibility (aD) in tripartite and quadripartite colobines. Hence, we measured the aD in two colobine species, Nasalis larvatus (quadripartite) and Trachypithecus cristatus (tripartite), in two zoos. We also included existing colobine literature data on the aD and analysed whether the aD of fibre components is different between the stomach types to test the hypothesis of whether quadripartite colobines show higher aD of fibre components than tripartite colobines did. Our captive N. larvatus specimen had a more distinctively varying nutrient intake across seasons with a larger seasonal variation in aD than that of a pair of T. cristatus, which mostly consumed commercial foods with a lower proportion of browse and less seasonal variation. We observed higher aD of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) in the N. larvatus specimen, suggesting a higher gut capacity of N. larvatus provided by the additional praesaccus forestomach chamber. Based on the analysis of literature data for aD, we also found that quadripartite species achieved higher fibre digestibility at similar dietary fibre levels compared with tripartite species, supporting the hypothesis that the additional gut capacity offered by the praesaccus facilitates a longer retention and hence more thorough microbial fermentation of plant fibre.

scholarly journals Dry Matter and Nutrient Intake and Apparent Digestibility During Early Lactation in High Producing Cows Fed a Total Mixed Ration in Summer and Winter

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 763-772
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi HAYASAKA ◽  
Tomeyuki MIYAUCHI ◽  
Susumu MIYAMOTO ◽  
Teruo ARAI ◽  
Masahito TAKATORI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Total Mixed Ration

Fibrous raw materials in sow diets

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 127-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Brouns ◽  
S.A. Edwards ◽  
P.R. English
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Although the amount of food given to dry sows in commercial situations is nutritionally adequate for maintenance and reproductive performance, it may not be adequate in other aspects. There is evidence that low levels of food intake increase the incidence of abnormal behaviours. It might be desirable to feed greater amounts, but without causing excessive nutrient intake and obesity of the sow which occur when feeding commercially used diets at high levels. One solution might be to provide bulky, low density diets. The objectives of this experiment were to obtain information on level and variation in voluntary food intake in dry sows on fibrous diets and on the relationship between chemical aspects of the diet, intake, and apparent digestibility.

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY NUTRIENT DENSITY, LEVEL OF FEED INTAKE AND WEANING AGE ON YOUNG PIGS. II. APPARENT NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF DIARRHEA

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. BALL ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Normal Density ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Ad Libitum

One hundred and twenty-eight pigs were allotted to a factorial design involving two weaning ages (3 and 4 wk), two diets (normal density, ND, and high density, HD) and two levels of feed intake (ad libitum and restricted) and fed for 28 d postweaning. Feed restriction increased the digestibility of energy (P < 0.05). Apparent digestibility of energy and protein increased with time postweaning (P < 0.05). Pigs weaned at 4 wk of age had higher nutrient digestibilities than those weaned at 3 wk only in the second week postweaning (P < 0.05), showing that the digestive system of older pigs adapts faster. The apparent digestibility of the HD diet was not different from that of the ND diet. Diarrhea was more severe when pigs were weaned at 4 wk (P < 0.10), or when receiving the HD diet (P < 0.10), or when offered feed ad libitum (P < 0.10), showing that both volume of feed consumed and nutrient intake influence occurrence of diarrhea. Postweaning diarrhea was most severe (P < 0.05) and most frequent (P < 0.05) during the first week and declined thereafter. The rate of decline was fastest in older pigs (P < 0.05) with restricted feed intake (P < 0.05) and pigs receiving the ND diet (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) between apparent energy and protein digestibility and incidence and severity of diarrhea during the first week postweaning. The results suggest that nutrient intake is more important in predisposing piglets to diarrhea than the volume of feed consumed. Key words: Pigs, weaning, digestibility, diarrhea

Digestibility and nitrogen and water balance in horses fed rhizoma peanut hay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Caroline C M Vasco ◽  
Katy J Brinkley-Bissinger ◽  
Jillian M Bobel ◽  
José C B Dubeux ◽  
Lori K Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Rhizoma Peanut

Abstract Rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata) hay has the potential to meet horses’ crude protein requirements with less nitrogen excretion than other legumes. This study aimed to evaluate nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, and nitrogen balance of RP ‘Florigraze’ hay compared to alfalfa (ALF, Medicago sativa L. ‘Legendary XHD’) and bermudagrass (BG, Cynodon dactylon L. ‘Coastal’) hays when fed to maintenance horses at 2% BW/d on a dry matter (DM) basis. We hypothesized that nutrient intake would be comparable between the legume hays and lesser for BG, and that RP would result in reduced nitrogen excretion compared to alfalfa. Six mature Quarter Horse geldings (593 ± 40 kg; mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to one of the hays in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square with 21-d periods. A 14-d adaptation phase was followed by a 3-d total fecal and urine collection. Days 18 to 21 were used for a companion study. Intake of nutrients is reported on a DM basis. Digestible energy (DE) intakes from ALF (29.91 Mcal/d) and RP (29.37 Mcal/d) were greater (P &lt; 0.0001) than BG (20.78 Mcal/d). Crude protein (CP) intake was greater (P &lt; 0.0001) for ALF (2.5 kg/d), followed by RP (1.9 kg/d), and BG (1.5 kg/d). All hays exceeded maintenance requirements for DE, CP, Ca, and P. Apparent digestibility of DM and CP were greatest (P &lt; 0.0001) for ALF (69 and 84%), intermediate for RP (61 and 72%), and least for BG (46 and 64%). Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber did not differ (P = 0.2228) among hays, while digestibility of acid detergent fiber (P = 0.0054) was least for RP but similar for ALF and BG. Water intake (kg/d) for ALF (57) was greater (P=0.0068) than RP (45) and BG (41). Greater (P = 0.0271) water retention (kg/d) was observed for ALF (13.5), followed by RP (10.8) and BG (7.5). There was a difference in nitrogen excretion, with greatest urinary nitrogen excretion for ALF (P &lt; 0.0001) and greatest fecal nitrogen excretion for BG (P = 0.0001). Total nitrogen excretion was greater (P &lt; 0.0001) for ALF (278 g/d), followed by RP (211 g/d), and BG (179 g/d). Nitrogen retention was greater (P = 0.0005) for ALF when represented as g/d (ALF: 129, RP: 86, and BG: 57 g/d), but similar (P = 0.0377) to RP when presented as percent of nitrogen intake (ALF: 32, RP: 29, and BG: 24%). Results indicate that rhizoma peanut hay is a suitable legume for horses by meeting DE and CP requirements and having a significant reduction in nitrogen compared to alfalfa.

scholarly journals Effect of thyme essential oil on rumen parameters, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance in wethers fed high concentrate diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D.B. Ribeiro ◽  
M.V.C. Ferraz Junior ◽  
D.M. Polizel ◽  
A.A. Miszura ◽  
J.P.R. Barroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Feedlot Lambs

ABSTRACT This trial aimed to evaluate the effects of thyme essential oils (EO) on rumen parameters, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in wethers fed with high-concentrate diet. Twenty rumen-cannulated wethers were blocked according to body weight (BW= 64.0±2.1kg), and received one of the following treatments: 25mg of monensin/kg of dry matter (DM; MON) or doses of thyme EO (1.25, 2.50 or 3.75g/kg of DM). The diet was composed of 90% concentrate. Thyme EO was composed mainly by thymol (46.6% of DM) and p-cymene (38.9% of DM). The nutrient intake and apparent digestibility were similar among treatments. The inclusion of 3.75g of thyme EO tended (P= 0.07) to increase butyrate compared to MON and 1.25OE and wethers fed with 1.25g of thyme EO tended (P= 0.07) to decrease ruminal pH on the 14th day compared to MON. The treatments did not affect acetate:propionate ratio, total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and nitrogen retention. Results from this study suggest that adding thyme EO to high-concentrate diets may be used as an alternative to monensin as feed additive in feedlot lambs.

scholarly journals Intake, apparent digestibility, and methane emission in bulls receiving a feed supplement of monensin, virginiamycin, or a combination

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelina Pereira da Fonseca ◽  
Ana Luiza da Costa Cruz Borges ◽  
Ricardo Reis e Silva ◽  
Helena Ferreira Lage ◽  
Alexandre Lima Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Feed Supplements ◽  
Sorghum Silage

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the feed supplements monensin, virginiamycin, or a combination of the two, on intake, digestibility, and methane emission in the male cattle breed F1 Holstein × Gir. We used a complete randomised design with four treatments consisting of the control, monensin, virginiamycin, and a combination of the two. The basal diets were composed of sorghum silage with Tanzania grass and the concentrate in the 1 : 1 ratio. Nutrient intake (P > 0.05) and the apparent digestibility coefficients (P > 0.05) were not affected by the supplementation with monensin, virginiamycin, or both. The combination of the supplements did affect methane emission (P < 0.05) when expressed in L/day, L/(kg DM), and L/(kg DM digestible). The lowest methane production was obtained with the combination of the supplements.

scholarly journals Effects of narasin supplementation frequency on intake, ruminal fermentation parameters, and nutrient digestibility of Bos indicus Nellore steers fed with forage-based diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Carolina Bortolanza Soares ◽  
Rodrigo S Marques ◽  
Alexandre Vaz Pires ◽  
Vinicius Alves Cruz ◽  
Arnaldo Cintra Limede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Supplementation Frequency ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate if the frequency of narasin supplementation impacts dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation parameters, and apparent digestibility of nutrient in Nellore (Bos Indicus) steers fed forage-based diets. Thirty-two rumen-cannulated Nellore steers [initial body weight (BW) = 317 ± 27 kg; age =18 ± 1 mo] were assigned to individual pens in a randomized complete block design according to their initial shrunk BW. Within block, steers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) forage-based diet without the addition of narasin (CON; n = 8), 2) CON diet plus 13 ppm of narasin every 24 hours (N24; n = 8), 3) CON diet plus 26 ppm of narasin every 48 hours (N48; n = 8), or 4) CON diet plus 39 ppm of narasin every 72 hours (N72; n = 8). The experimental period lasted 30 d, with 18 d for diet adaptation and 12 d for sample collection. The experimental diets contained 95% of Tifton-85 (Cynodon dactylon spp.) haylage and 5% ground corn used as a delivery vehicle for narasin. Ruminal fluid was obtained from d 25 to 30 at 6 h after feeding to determine ruminal fermentation parameters. Narasin supplementation frequency did not affect (P ≥ 0.22) nutrient intake and total tract apparent digestibility. Steers fed N24 and N48 had reduced (P = 0.02) ruminal acetate concentration compared with CON and N72. Daily supply of narasin increased (P = 0.01) the molar proportion of propionate compared with CON and N72, and it did not differ between N24 vs. N48, N48 vs. N72, and N72 vs. CON. Also, N48 steers had greater (P = 0.01) rumen propionate concentration compared with CON. The N24 treatment decreased the Ac: Prop (P = 0.01) and AcBut: Prop (P = 0.02) ratio compared with CON and N72, while N48 had reduced (P = 0.01) Ac: Prop and AcBut: Prop ratio when compared with CON steers. Steers fed N24 and N48 had greater (P = 0.04) ruminal SCFA compared with CON, but it did not differ (P &gt; 0.11) between N24, N48, and N72. Supplementing narasin to steers fed forage-based diets decreased (P &lt; 0.01) ruminal ammonia concentration compared with CON steers regardless of supplementation frequency, being the least result observed for N24 steers. Collectively, narasin supplementation frequency affected fermentation parameters without altering the nutrient intake and total tract apparent digestibility. Hence, decreasing frequency of narasin supplementation to Nellore steers fed a forage-based diet did not reduce the capacity to modulate rumen fermentation parameters.

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