INFLUENCE OF DIETARY NUTRIENT DENSITY, LEVEL OF FEED INTAKE AND WEANING AGE ON YOUNG PIGS. II. APPARENT NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF DIARRHEA

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. BALL ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Normal Density ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Ad Libitum

One hundred and twenty-eight pigs were allotted to a factorial design involving two weaning ages (3 and 4 wk), two diets (normal density, ND, and high density, HD) and two levels of feed intake (ad libitum and restricted) and fed for 28 d postweaning. Feed restriction increased the digestibility of energy (P < 0.05). Apparent digestibility of energy and protein increased with time postweaning (P < 0.05). Pigs weaned at 4 wk of age had higher nutrient digestibilities than those weaned at 3 wk only in the second week postweaning (P < 0.05), showing that the digestive system of older pigs adapts faster. The apparent digestibility of the HD diet was not different from that of the ND diet. Diarrhea was more severe when pigs were weaned at 4 wk (P < 0.10), or when receiving the HD diet (P < 0.10), or when offered feed ad libitum (P < 0.10), showing that both volume of feed consumed and nutrient intake influence occurrence of diarrhea. Postweaning diarrhea was most severe (P < 0.05) and most frequent (P < 0.05) during the first week and declined thereafter. The rate of decline was fastest in older pigs (P < 0.05) with restricted feed intake (P < 0.05) and pigs receiving the ND diet (P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) between apparent energy and protein digestibility and incidence and severity of diarrhea during the first week postweaning. The results suggest that nutrient intake is more important in predisposing piglets to diarrhea than the volume of feed consumed. Key words: Pigs, weaning, digestibility, diarrhea

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY NUTRIENT DENSITY, LEVEL OF FEED INTAKE AND WEANING AGE ON YOUNG PIGS. I. PERFORMANCE AND BODY COMPOSITION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. BALL ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Normal Density ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Ad Libitum

The performance and final body composition of 128 pigs weaned at either 3 or 4 wk of age and receiving either a normal density (ND) or high density (HD) diet ad libitum or restricted (85% of ad libitum) was determined over a 28-d period. Pigs weaned at 4 wk consumed more feed (P < 0.001) and grew faster (P < 0.005) than those weaned at 3 wk, but body weights at a similar age were not different. The HD diet supported greater gains (P < 0.01) and gain to feed (G:F) ratio (P < 0.005) than the ND diet. Restricting feed intake reduced gains (P < 0.001) and improved G:F ratio (P < 0.05). Interaction effects showed that performance of pigs weaned at 4 wk was less affected by nutrient density and feed restriction than that of pigs weaned at 3 wk of age. Pigs weaned at 4 wk had heavier carcasses at the end of the 28-d period than those weaned at 3 wk but there was no difference in percent water, fat or protein. Nutrient density did not affect body composition. However, restricted feeding increased percent water (P < 0.05), reduced percent fat (P < 0.05) and increased percent protein on a dry matter basis (P < 0.02). A significant interaction between weaning age and level of feed intake showed that restricting the intake of pigs weaned at 4 wk reduced fat deposition more than when intake was restricted for pigs weaned at 3 wk of age (P < 0.05). An interaction between diet, intake level and sex (P < 0.01) showed that even in young pigs, barrows tend to fatten more than gilts when energy intake is adequate and less when energy intake is restricted. Key words: Pigs, weaning, nutrient density, body composition, performance

Voluntary feed intake and apparent digestibility in vivo in ponies given ad libitum access to de-hydrated grass or hay harvested from the same grass crop

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 131-131
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
A. Bayley ◽  
A. L. Tomlinson ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Uk

De-hydrated forages are often fed to equids in the UK in place of more traditional grass hay, particularly where individual animals are known to have a sensitivity to dusty, mouldy hay which may play a part inducing respiratory problems such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One such alternative forage is short-chop de-hydrated grass. However, there is very little information available on voluntary feed intake (VFI), apparent digestibility and nutrient intake parameters when de-hydrated grass is offered to equids compared with traditional grass hay. This study examines the VFI and apparent digestibility in vivo of a short-chop de-hydrated grass compared with a traditional grass hay and determines their ability to meet the predicted energy and protein needs of mature ponies.Six mature Welsh-cross pony geldings with a mean liveweight (LW) of 281 kg (s.e.d. 0.89) were individually housed and offered ad libitum access to either short-chop de-hydrated grass (DHG) or traditional grass hay (HAY) plus 60 g/h/d minerals. The DHG and HAY were made from the same 2nd cut perennial ryegrass sward cut on the same day.

The relations between the apparent digestibility of roughages in the rumen and lower gut of sheep, the volume of fluid in the rumen and voluntary feed intake

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Ulyatt ◽  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volume Of Fluid ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Volumes Of Distribution

Three sheep with permanent fistulas of the rumen were each given dried grass and two hays, each in three different amounts, and the apparent digesti-bility of the roughages in the rumen and distal to the rumen was determined. A lignin ratio method was used to measure digestibility.With increase in the amount of the poorest hay given, the proportion digested in the rumen fell and that distal to the rumen increased. With the second hay this effect was also noted but was not statistically significant. The voluntary intakes ofdry matter varied from 1·94 kg/day for the dried grass to 1·28 for the poorest hay. The volumes of distribution of polyethylene glycol in the rumen when feed was offered ad libitum, however, were the same, irrespective of the type of feed, at between 14·1 and 15·2 litres. These observations were confirmed at slaughter. The results support the hypothesis that sheep voluntarily consume roughages of different qualities to achieve constant fill of their rumens, and that little regulation of voluntary intake can be attributed to distension of the hind gut.

Evaluation Use of Calliandra calothyrsus Substituted Soybean Meal Supplement on Feed Nutrient Intake and Digestibility in the Kacang Goat

2020 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Fajar Ajimukti Atmojo ◽  
Bambang Suhartanto ◽  
Insani Hubi Zulfa ◽  
Kustantinah Kustantinah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Range Test

Twenty goats were given a basal feed of Pennisetumpurpureum cv Mott (odot grass) and supplemented with protein-based feed ingredients namely calliandracalothyrsus and soybeanmeal (SBM). The proportion of calliandra feed substitution and soybeanmeal is T1 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 100% soybeanmeal; T2 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 25% calliandra + 75% soybeanmeal; T3 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 50% calliandra + 50% soybeanmeal; T4 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 75% calliandra + 25% soybeanmeal; and T5 = odot grass (ad libitum) + 100% calliandra. The amount of feed supplementation given is based on daily protein requirements (gram/DM) per day according to animal body weight. The feed given contained iso protein (CP) and iso energy (TDN) to determine the effect of substitution of soybeanmeal with calliandra The parameters observed were intake and nutrient digestibility of feed. Data obtained from the results of the study analyzed variance using a one-way analysis of variance, then if the results show significant differences, it will be analyzed further with Duncan's new multiple range test. The results showed that substitution of calliandra did not have a significant effect (P> 0.05) on nutrient intake (g/kg BB0,75/day), except for intake of ETN, it shows a significant effect (P< 0.05). Calliandra substitution had a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed nutrient digestibility, with the highest digestibility being T2 treatment (25% calliandra substitution).

Voluntary feed intake and apparent digestibility in vivo in ponies offered a mature threshed grass hay ad libitum

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 130-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
A. L. Tomlinson ◽  
A. Bayley ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Unrestricted Access ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Restricted Feed Intake

Many mature, non-pregnant, non-lactating equids are often kept in circumstances where they are expected to perform only light physical work or activity eg: a childs pony. Consequently their maintenance energy and protein needs can often be met at very restricted feed intake levels. Conversely, when they are housed during the winter months it is believed desirable to manage such animals on unrestricted ad libitum feeding regimes in order to allow the animals to exhibit their natural feed intake pattern and consume forage on a little and often basis throughout the daily feeding period. However, ad libitum access to the diet may lead to such animals becoming excessively fat. These conflicting needs of low energy and protein requirement coupled with the desirability of unrestricted access to the diet could both be met, at least in part, if a low quality forage is available ad libitum. This study examines the voluntary feed intake and apparent digestibility in vivo of a mature threshed grass hay offered ad libitum and determines its ability to meet the predicted energy and protein needs of mature ponies.

The development of the digestive system of the young; animal. VII. The total and partial apparent digestibility of a pelletted diet by lambs and adult sheep

1965 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Walker ◽  
M. K. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Young Animal ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Adult Sheep

1. Fifteen male Merino lambs suckling the ewe and four adult Merino wethers were fed the same pelletted diet. The lambs had free access to milk from the ewe and were creep-fed the pelletted diet. Feed intake by each lamb was measured daily.2. The digestibility of the dry matter of the pelletted diet was determined in a conventional total collection trial with the adult wethers. Dry-matter and crude-protein digestibility "was determined in the lambs on faeces taken at, or just before, slaughter by the lignin-ratio method.

RESPONSE OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF GREEN FOXTAIL (Setaria viridis) SEEDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1066
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Ad Libitum

Increasing the level of wheat screenings (95% green foxtail seeds) from 0 to 25% in diets fed ad libitum over the period from 34 to 89 kg liveweight resulted in an increased daily feed intake (P < 0.05), reduced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and apparent digestibility, but produced no consistent effects on growth rate or carcass composition. Key words: Growing pigs, green foxtail, Setaria viridis, carcass, digestibility

Circadian variation in the apparent digetibility of diets measured at the terminal ileum in pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Livingstone ◽  
Barbara A. Baird ◽  
T. Atkinson ◽  
R. M. J. Crofts
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum

SummaryCircadian variation in the apparent digestibility of diets having different physical characteristics was measured in samples taken from the terminal ileum using simple cannulae and marker ratios. Six pigs were used in three latin squares involving three iso-nitrogenous diets (30 g N/kg D.M.). Diet A was based on barley, weatings, soyabean meal and fish meal, diet B included barley, weatings and oats and diet C was purified. The allocation of diet provided 100 g D.M./kg Weg0·75/24 h and in each latin square a different pattern of feed intake was used; diets were given at intervals of either 1 or 12 h, or ad libitum.Differences in the digestibility of the diets were consistently distinguished by the technique. The circadian variation in digestibility was related to the type of diet and could be modified by changing the number and distribution of feeds per day. The results show that an understanding of the variation associated with different diets and feeding methods is necessary for optimizing the strategy for sampling from the terminal ileum.

scholarly journals Nutrient Intake and digestibility of Rabbit does fed varying levels of concentrate and lablab during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287
Author(s):  
G. T. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor ◽  
A. A. Sekoni ◽  
L. O. Esievo
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Growth Requirement

Nulliparous crossbred does were used to study the effects of concentrate:lablab ratio (CL) and stage of pregnancy on nutrient intake and digestibility. Treatments consisted of four concentrate and lablab combinations on a gram:gram basis: 20:130, 40: 110, 80:70 and 100:50 and two stages of pregnancy: second and fourth week of pregnancy Concentrate intake increased as level increased up to 80g/day offered while lablab intake increased from 50 to 130g/day offered. Doe weight and metabolic size were similar for all treatments. Total feed intake was not affected by concentrate and lablab levels. Dry matter intake was lower for 100:50 CL than other treatments. Ether extract and crude fibre intakes decreased with increase in concentrate levels. Dry matter and nitrogen free extract digestibility were higher for 80:70 CL than other combinations. Crude fibre digestibility was higher for 80:70 than 40:110 and 100:50 CL Crude protein retention was higher for 80:70 than 20:130 and 100:50 CL. Fetal growth requirement, total protein requirement and balance of protein were high at 80:70 and 100:50 CL. During pregnancy, dry matter and all nutrients intake were higher in the second than fourth week. Ether extract, crude protein and nitrogen free extract digestibilities were lower in the second than fourth week of pregnancy. Fetal growth requirement and balance of protein were higher in the second than fourth week of pregnancy relationship between feed intake (g DM/day) and nutrient digestibility was negative. The relationship between feed intake (g DM/kg body weight/day) and feed intake (g DM/kg LW0.75/day) was however, positive for all the nutrients except crude protein. For the small scale rabbit producer in developing countries, it is feasible to maintain rabbits on combinations of concentrate and lablab during pregnancy

scholarly journals Effect of cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp) Stover dietary inclusion level on total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients in growing rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ederson Américo Andrade ◽  
Miguel António Machado Rodrigues ◽  
Luis Ribeiro ◽  
Clayton Quirino Mendes ◽  
Luis Miguel Mendes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein

Although agro-industrial co-products have low economic value as foods for human consumption, they may have potential value as animal feedstuffs. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of cowpea stover inclusion in rabbits’ diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. A total of 180 animals were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (CS0, CS2 or CS4, with no inclusion, 20 or 40 g/kg of cowpea stover, respectively). Animal performance was evaluated between the 53<sup>rd</sup> and 67<sup>th</sup> d of age in 48 animals per treatment. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and gross energy were measured between 63 to 67 d of age in 12 animals per treatment. Results showed that, in general, CTTAD values were not affected by the inclusion of cowpea stover. Nevertheless, a trend towards a decrease in crude protein digestibility (<em>P</em>=0.0848) was observed when including cowpea stover. This had a negative influence on digestible protein (P=0.0240) and on the ratio between digestible protein and digestible energy (<em>P</em>=0.0231) for diet CS4. Rabbits showed normal figures for growth rate (on av. 46.8 g/d), feed intake (on av. 168.3 g/d) and feed conversion ratio (on av. 3.61). Future studies should assess the possibility of incorporating higher levels of cowpea stover while analysing the economic impact of this inclusion.

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