scholarly journals Characterization of hello message exchange to estimate sensor node's neighborhood residual energy distribution in initialization phase

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 681-699
Author(s):  
Shudong Fang ◽  
Stevan Mirko Berber ◽  
Akshya Kumar Swain
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Message Exchange ◽  
Hello Message

scholarly journals The Underlying Order Induced by Orthogonality and the Quantum Speed Limit

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-388
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Sevilla ◽  
Andrea Valdés-Hernández ◽  
Alan J. Barrios
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Finite Time ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Orthogonality Condition ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Physical Quantities

We perform a comprehensive analysis of the set of parameters {ri} that provide the energy distribution of pure qutrits that evolve towards a distinguishable state at a finite time τ, when evolving under an arbitrary and time-independent Hamiltonian. The orthogonality condition is exactly solved, revealing a non-trivial interrelation between τ and the energy spectrum and allowing the classification of {ri} into families organized in a 2-simplex, δ2. Furthermore, the states determined by {ri} are likewise analyzed according to their quantum-speed limit. Namely, we construct a map that distinguishes those ris in δ2 correspondent to states whose orthogonality time is limited by the Mandelstam–Tamm bound from those restricted by the Margolus–Levitin one. Our results offer a complete characterization of the physical quantities that become relevant in both the preparation and study of the dynamics of three-level states evolving towards orthogonality.

Filler-Elastomer Interactions. Part VI. Characterization of Carbon Blacks by Inverse Gas Chromatography at Finite Concentration

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 890-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Jiao Wang ◽  
Siegfried Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Inverse Gas Chromatography ◽  
General Trend ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Finite Concentration ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Carbon blacks ranging from N110 to N990 were characterized by means of inverse gas chromatography at finite concentration. The isotherms, net heat, and spreading pressures for benzene and cyclohexane adsorption suggest a general trend of increasing surface activity with increases in specific surface area. This is in good agreement with surface-energy measurements reported previously. The energy-distribution function of adsorption shows that while the concentrations of low-energy sites are comparable for most of the carbon blacks, differences exist with regard to high-energy sites. These suggest that small-particle-size blacks possess a greater number of high-energy centers. The graphitization of carbon blacks results in a considerable reduction in their adsorption capacity and narrows the energy distribution of their surfaces. One can therefore conclude that high-energy sites play an important role in the determination of the surface energies and reinforcing ability of carbon blacks.

scholarly journals Thermometry in a Multipole Ion Trap

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5264
Author(s):  
Markus Nötzold ◽  
Saba Zia Hassan ◽  
Jonas Tauch ◽  
Eric Endres ◽  
Roland Wester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Ion Trap ◽  
Linear Mapping ◽  
Trapped Ions ◽  
Translational Energy ◽  
Buffer Gas ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Potential Landscape

We present a characterization of the ions’ translational energy distribution in a multipole ion trap. A linear mapping between the energy distribution of the trapped ions onto the ions’ time-of-flight (TOF) to a detector is demonstrated. For low ion temperatures, a deviation from linearity is observed and can be attributed to the emergence of multiple potential minima. The potential landscape of the trapped ions is modeled via the finite element method, also accounting for subtleties such as surface-charge accumulation. We demonstrate the validity of our thermometry method by simulating the energy distribution of the ion ensemble thermalized with buffer gas using a Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. A comparison between the energy distribution of trapped ions in different multipole trap configurations—i.e., with hyperbolic rods, cylindrical rods, and cylindrical wires—is provided. With these findings, one can map the temperature of the trapped ions down to the Kelvin regime using their TOF distributions. This enables future studies on sympathetic cooling and chemical reactions involving ions in multipole traps.

Characterization of Energy Distribution and Efficiency in a Modern Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Thiruvengadam ◽  
Saroj Pradhan ◽  
Pragalath Thiruvengadam ◽  
Vishnu Padmanaban ◽  
Marc Besch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel Engine ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel
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