Degradability in a natural compost medium of (linear low-density polyethylene)/(soya powder) blends compatibilized with epoxidized natural rubber

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.T. Sam ◽  
H. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Powder Blends

Degradation of epoxidized natural rubber compatibilized linear low density polyethylene/ soya powder blends: the effect of natural weathering

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.T. Sam ◽  
H. Ismail ◽  
H.P.S. Abdul Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Natural Weathering ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Powder Blends ◽  
Compatibilized Blends

Abstract In the present study, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/soya powder blends were compatibilized with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) and exposed to natural weathering. The exposure period for the blends was 1 year. It was found that the degradability of the compatibilized blends was higher than that of uncompatibilized blends. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, the tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to analyze the degradability of the blends. IR spectra showed that the carbonyl index (CI) of the blends increased as a function of exposure period and soya powder content. The compatibilized blends gave higher carbonyl indices. The retention tensile strength and elongation at break (Eb) of the compatibilized blends after weathering was generally lower than for the uncompatibilized blends. The increase of crystallinity also indicated a reduction of the amorphous portion after degradation. The higher crystallinity in compatibilized blends further confirms the higher degradability of ENR 50 compatibilized blends. The weight loss and molecular weight change indicated that the incorporation of ENR 50 into LLDPE/soya powder blends can enhance the degradability of the blends upon outdoor exposure.

Effect of Epoxide Group in Thermoplastic Elastomer on the Properties of Polyamide6 and Low-Density Polyethylene Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surakit Tuampoemsab ◽  
Saad Riyajan ◽  
Thritima Sritapunya ◽  
Pornsri Pakeyangkoon
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Phase Morphology ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Epoxide Group

Studies on the effect of percentages of epoxide group in thermoplastic elastomer as a compatibilizer on properties of polyamide6 (PA6) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blends was successfully carried out in this study. Thermoplastic epoxidized natural rubber (TPENR), made from epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and LDPE, prepared from 3 types of ENR, i.e., ENR-20, ENR-50 and ENR-70, with the ratio of 90/10 of LDPE/ENR by weight. TPENR was applied as a compatibilizer into the blend of PA6/LDPE/TPENR at the ratio by weight of 80/20/1 by using a twin screw extruder at 235°C. All test specimens were characterized for phase morphology, impact strength and rheological behaviour. Results exhibited that phase morphology of PA6/LDPE blend was incompatible. The addition of TPENR improved the compatibility of PA6/LDPE blends. With inclusion of TPENR-20 as a compatibilizer, the uniformity and the maximum reduction of dispersed phase sized were observed. Moreover, it was revealed that the rheological properties such as shear viscosity increased when compared with PA6/LDPE incompatible blend. In addition, it was found that the highest shear viscosity and also the highest impact strength were obtained for the blend of PA6/LDPE compatibilized by TPENR-20. This result was further supported by SEM images, which showed that the smallest dispersed phase size occurred when a TPENR-20 was used as a compatibilizer. So, it was clearly demonstrated in this study that the suitable type of TPENR, i.e., TPENR-20, has an effect on improving phase morphology and properties of PA6/LDPE blends.

Thermal Properties of Linear-Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)/Soya Spent Powder Blends with the Addition of Epoxidised Natural Rubber

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.T. Sam ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
S. Ragunathan ◽  
O.H. Lin ◽  
H. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Powder Composites ◽  
Powder Content ◽  
Internal Mixer

Soya spent powder as an inexpensive and renewable source has been used as a filler for linear-low density polyethylene (LLDPE) in this study. Linear-low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/soya spent powder composites were prepared by using Haake internal mixer. The mixing time was 10 minutes at 150°C with rotor speed 50 rpm. Epoxidised natural rubber (ENR 50) has been used as a compatibilizer in the present study. The thermal properties of the LLDPE/soya spent powder composites with and without ENR were studied with a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystallinity of the LLDPE/soya spent powder composites decreased with increasing soya spent powder content. However, the addition of ENR 50 as a compatibilizer increased the crystallinity of the LLDPE/soya spent powder composites.

scholarly journals Effect of Nanofillers on the Polarization and Depolarization Current Characteristics of New LLDPE-NR Compound for High Voltage Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. M. Jamail ◽  
M. A. M. Piah ◽  
N. A. Muhamad ◽  
Z. Salam ◽  
N. F. Kasri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Polymeric Nanocomposites ◽  
Depolarization Current ◽  
Voltage Application ◽  
Base Polymer ◽  
Current Characteristics

Polymeric nanocomposites in which the nanosize fillers are evenly distributed in the polymer material attract attention as an insulating material due to their ability to enhance the materials performance properties of electrical and mechanical. For high voltage (HV) insulation application, one of the targets is to obtain new insulators with improved dielectric properties. This paper presents the outcome of an experimental study to determine the conductivity level of the linear low-density polyethylene- (LLDPE-)natural rubber (NR) compound, filled with different amount of SiO2and TiO2nanofiller by using the polarization and depolarization current (PDC) measurement technique. linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and natural rubber (NR) with the ratio composition of 80 : 20 are selected as a base polymer. The experiment was conducted to find PDC pattern and conductivity variations of each of the LLDPE-NR/SiO2and LLDPE-NR/TiO2samples. The results show that the addition of SiO2filler exhibited less conductivity compared to TiO2filler with certain percentage. From the study, it can be concluded that LLDPE-NR/SiO2is a better insulator compared with LLDPE-NR/TiO2.

Investigation of Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR 50) as a Compatibilizer on Cogon Grass Filled Low Density Polyethylene/Soya Spent Flour

2014 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.T. Sam ◽  
Nurul Hani ◽  
H. Ismail ◽  
Nik Noriman ◽  
S. Ragunathan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density

Natural fiber reinforced composites are increasingly being used in various applications area. Therefore, the processing method and physical properties of these composites are very important parameters in product quality and quaranty. This paper focused on the tensile properties, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and water absorption of cogon grass (CG) with low density polyethylene (LDPE)/soya spent flour (SSF) composites. The tensile strength and elongation at break (Eb) of uncompatibilized CG with LDPE/ SSF decreased significantly with increasing of fiber content. However, the Young’s modulus increased with increasing of CG loading. The presence of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) as a compatibilizer increased the tensile strength, Eband Young’s modulus of the composites when compared to uncompatibilized composites. Fourier transform infrared results show distinguishable peaks for compatibilized and uncompatibilized composites. The water absorption for both uncompatibilized and compatibilized composites increased from day 1 until day 21. The presence of ENR 50 as compatibilizer showed lower water absorption percentage compared to uncompatibilized composites.

Tensile Properties LLDPE/Soya Spent Powder Blends: Oven Aging

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 429-432
Author(s):  
S.T. Sam ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
S. Ragunathan ◽  
H. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Powder Blends ◽  
Internal Mixer

Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)/soya spent powder blends with different blends ratio were prepared by using internal mixer. Soya spent powder was varied from 5 to 40 wt. The thermal degradability was assessed by subjecting the dumbbell sample to oven aging. Thermal aging was carried out for 5 weeks. The degradability was measured by the periodic change in tensile properties of the blend samples. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the blends reduced as increasing the aging time. The effect of degradation was obvious in higher soya spent powder blends.

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