Intricate evolutionary history of Callitriche (Plantaginaceae) taxa elucidated by a combination of DNA sequencing and genome size

Taxon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1016-1041
Author(s):  
Jan Prančl ◽  
Judith Fehrer ◽  
Petra Caklová ◽  
Veronika Bambasová ◽  
Magdalena Lučanová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The dynamic evolutionary history of genome size in North American woodland salamanders

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Newman ◽  
T. Ryan Gregory ◽  
Christopher C. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Plethodontid Salamanders ◽  
Genome Size Evolution ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Large Genome Size ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Phylogeographic Study

The genus Plethodon is the most species-rich salamander genus in North America, and nearly half of its species face an uncertain future. It is also one of the most diverse families in terms of genome sizes, which range from 1C = 18.2 to 69.3 pg, or 5–20 times larger than the human genome. Large genome size in salamanders results in part from accumulation of transposable elements and is associated with various developmental and physiological traits. However, genome sizes have been reported for only 25% of the species of Plethodon (14 of 55). We collected genome size data for Plethodon serratus to supplement an ongoing phylogeographic study, reconstructed the evolutionary history of genome size in Plethodontidae, and inferred probable genome sizes for the 41 species missing empirical data. Results revealed multiple genome size changes in Plethodon: genomes of western Plethodon increased, whereas genomes of eastern Plethodon decreased, followed by additional decreases or subsequent increases. The estimated genome size of P. serratus was 21 pg. New understanding of variation in genome size evolution, along with genome size inferences for previously unstudied taxa, provide a foundation for future studies on the biology of plethodontid salamanders.

Karyotype and Genome Size Estimation ofHaliotis midae: Estimators to Assist Future Studies on the Evolutionary History of Haliotidae

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Franchini ◽  
Ruhan Slabbert ◽  
Mathilde Van Der Merwe ◽  
Adelle Roux ◽  
Rouvay Roodt-Wilding
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Evolution in action: Habitat-transition leads to genome-streamlining in Methylophilaceae (Betaproteobacteriales)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela M. Salcher ◽  
Daniel Schaefle ◽  
Melissa Kaspar ◽  
Stefan M. Neuenschwander ◽  
Rohit Ghai
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Gene Loss ◽  
Evolutionary Selection ◽  
The Family ◽  
Aquatic Microbes ◽  
Habitat Transition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sediment Microbes

AbstractThe most abundant aquatic microbes are small in cell and genome size. Genome-streamlining theory predicts gene loss caused by evolutionary selection driven by environmental factors, favouring superior competitors for limiting resources. However, evolutionary histories of such abundant, genome-streamlined microbes remain largely unknown. Here we reconstruct the series of steps in the evolution of some of the most abundant genome-streamlined microbes in freshwaters (‘Ca. Methylopumilus’) and oceans (marine lineage OM43). A broad genomic spectrum is visible in the family Methylophilaceae (Betaproteobacteriales), from sediment microbes with medium-sized genomes (2-3 Mbp genome size), an occasionally blooming pelagic intermediate (1.7 Mbp), and the most reduced pelagic forms (1.3 Mbp). We show that a habitat transition from freshwater sediment to the relatively oligotrophic pelagial was accompanied by progressive gene loss and adaptive gains. Gene loss has mainly affected functions not necessarily required or advantageous in the pelagial or are encoded by redundant pathways. Likewise, we identified genes providing adaptations to oligotrophic conditions that have been transmitted horizontally from pelagic freshwater microbes. Remarkably, the secondary transition from the pelagial of lakes to the oceans required only slight modifications, i.e., adaptations to higher salinity, gained via horizontal gene transfer from indigenous microbes. Our study provides first genomic evidence of genome-reduction taking place during habitat transitions. In this regard, the family Methylophilaceae is an exceptional model for tracing the evolutionary history of genome-streamlining as such a collection of evolutionarily related microbes from different habitats is practically unknown for other similarly abundant microbes (e.g., ‘Ca. Pelagibacterales’, ‘Ca. Nanopelagicales’).

scholarly journals Genome Size Study in the Valerianaceae: First Results and New Hypotheses

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriane Hidalgo ◽  
Joël Mathez ◽  
Sònia Garcia ◽  
Teresa Garnatje ◽  
Jaume Pellicer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Valeriana Officinalis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
First Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Large Genome Size ◽  
Dna Amounts

The purpose of this study is to provide a new focus to contribute, from the perspective of genomic evolution, towards a better understanding of the Valerianaceae evolutionary history. Chromosome numbers were determined by Feulgen staining in 24 populations of 18 species (first count for Valerianella multidentata, 2n=2x=14–16), and DNA contents were assessed by flow cytometry in 74 populations of 35 species (first assessments in all taxa but Centranthus ruber). A molecular phylogeny based on the trnL-trnF and including 41 new sequences was established, with the first DNA sequence for Centranthus nevadensis, Valeriana rotundifolia, V. saxatilis, Valerianella multidentata, and V. turgida. This work is the first large genome size study devoted to the Valerianaceae, showing a range of DNA amounts from 2C=0.39 pg (Valerianella turgida) to 2C=8.32 pg (Valeriana officinalis). At the family level, changes in basic chromosome number and genome size coincide with or precede major shifts in the evolutionary history of the group, such as those concerning stamen number and floral symmetry.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

A brief history of (DNA sequencing) time

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. S21-S21
Author(s):  
Elaine R. Mardis
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
History Of
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