Panax ginseng extract improves scopolamine-induced deficits in working memory performance in the T-maze delayed alternation task in rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-H. Ni ◽  
H. Ohta ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
K. Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Delayed Alternation ◽  
Delayed Alternation Task ◽  
Alternation Task

Increase of Extracellular Dopamine in Primate Prefrontal Cortex During a Working Memory Task

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 2795-2798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Watanabe ◽  
Tohru Kodama ◽  
Kazuo Hikosaka
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Extracellular Dopamine ◽  
Delayed Alternation ◽  
Delayed Alternation Task ◽  
Alternation Task

Watanabe, Masataka, Tohru Kodama, and Kazuo Hikosaka. Increase of extracellular dopamine in primate prefrontal cortex during a working memory task. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2795–2798, 1997. The dopamine innervation of the prefrontal cortex is involved importantly in cognitive processes, such as tested in working memory tasks. However, there have been no studies directly investigating prefrontal dopamine levels in relation to cognitive processes. We measured frontal extracellular dopamine concentration using in vivo microdialysis in monkeys performing in a delayed alternation task as a typical working memory paradigm and in a sensory-guided control task. We observed a significant increase in dopamine level in the delayed alternation task as compared both with the sensory-guided control task and the basal resting level. The increase was seen in the dorsolateral prefrontal but not in the arcuate or orbitofrontal areas. The increase appeared to reflect the working memory component of the task and was observed mainly in the lip areas of principal sulcus. Although there was no significant difference in dopamine level between delayed alternation and sensory-guided control tasks in the premotor area, significant increases in dopamine concentration were observed during both tasks as compared with the basal resting level, indicating the importance of premotor dopamine for the motor response itself.

Excitotoxic lesion of the perirhinal cortex impairs spatial working memory in a delayed-alternation task

2012 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Maioli ◽  
Giuseppe Gangarossa ◽  
Federica Locchi ◽  
Anna Andrioli ◽  
Giuseppe Bertini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Perirhinal Cortex ◽  
Delayed Alternation ◽  
Excitotoxic Lesion ◽  
Delayed Alternation Task ◽  
Alternation Task

Anisomycin impairs long-term working memory in a delayed alternation task

1987 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri J.Y. Mizumori ◽  
Veena Channon ◽  
Mark R. Rosenzweig ◽  
Edward L. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Delayed Alternation ◽  
Long Term Working Memory ◽  
Delayed Alternation Task ◽  
Alternation Task

Effects of rat medial prefrontal cortex temporal inactivation on a delayed alternation task

2001 ◽  
Vol 315 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Izaki ◽  
Kiyoyuki Maruki ◽  
Koji Hori ◽  
Masahiko Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Delayed Alternation ◽  
Delayed Alternation Task ◽  
Alternation Task

Prefrontal cortical mechanisms underlying delayed alternation in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 1211-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Rossi ◽  
Volodya Y. Hayrapetyan ◽  
Benjamin Maimon ◽  
Krystal Mak ◽  
H. Shawn Je ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Patch Clamp Recording ◽  
Delayed Alternation ◽  
Delayed Alternation Task ◽  
Alternation Task

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been implicated in the maintenance of task-relevant information during goal-directed behavior. Using a combination of lesions, local inactivation, and optogenetics, we investigated the functional role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in mice with a novel operant delayed alternation task. Task difficulty was manipulated by changing the duration of the delay between two sequential actions. In experiment 1, we showed that excitotoxic lesions of the mPFC impaired acquisition of delayed alternation with long delays (16 s), whereas lesions of the dorsal hippocampus and ventral striatum, areas connected with the PFC, did not produce any deficits. Lesions of dorsal hippocampus, however, significantly impaired reversal learning when the rule was changed from alternation to repetition. In experiment 2, we showed that local infusions of muscimol (an agonist of the GABAA receptor) into mPFC impaired performance even when the animal was well trained, suggesting that the mPFC is critical not only for acquisition but also for successful performance. In experiment 3, to examine the mechanisms underlying the role of GABAergic inhibition, we used Cre-inducible Channelrhodopsin-2 to activate parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic interneurons in the mPFC of PV-Cre transgenic mice as they performed the task. Using whole cell patch-clamp recording, we demonstrated that activation of PV-expressing interneurons in vitro with blue light in brain slices reliably produced spiking and inhibited nearby pyramidal projection neurons. With similar stimulation parameters, in vivo stimulation significantly impaired delayed alternation performance. Together these results demonstrate a critical role for the mPFC in the acquisition and performance of the delayed alternation task.

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