Effect of formulation properties on ground and foliar deposits of two insecticides in flushed and one year-old balsam fir needles following aerial application

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanth M. S. Sundaram ◽  
Arthur G. Raske ◽  
Arthur Retnakaran ◽  
Alam Sundaram ◽  
Rick J. West
Keyword(s):  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Aerial Application ◽  
One Year

STUDIES IN FOREST PATHOLOGY: XX. INVESTIGATIONS OF THE PATHOLOGICAL DETERIORATION IN KILLED BALSAM FIR

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Basham
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Wood Substrate ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Marked Inhibition ◽  
Living State ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
One Year

Studies were begun to assess the significance and interrelationships of five fungi consistently associated with the deterioration of balsam fir trees killed by the spruce budworm, and to explain the succession pattern of the fungi in that process. A yeast and Ophiostoma bicolor Davidson and Wells were the only fungi consistently isolated from the discolored cambium of dying or recently killed trees; Stereum chailletii Pers. and an unidentified hyphomycete, Fungus F, were the principal fungi isolated from the stained sapwood of trees dead less than one year; and Polyporus abietinus Dicks, ex Fries was the only fungus consistently associated with the rotted sapwood of trees dead for more than one year. A gradual and fairly regular lowering of the moisture content, pH, and strength of balsam fir sapwood from the healthy, living state through the various stages of deterioration was recorded. There was no evidence of marked inhibition or antagonism among the fungi tested in pure culture. Although the most vigorous growth of P. abietinus occurred in liquid media adjusted at pH 4.5, compared with 6.5 for Fungus F and S. chailletii, balsam fir sticks of about pH 6.0 were readily infected by P. abietinus in the laboratory. Sticks artificially infected with S. chailletii or P. abietinus developed a pronounced reddish stain and showed significant reductions in toughness, and the pH of aqueous extracts of these sticks was markedly reduced. The same properties of sticks infected with Fungus F differed very little from those of the check sticks. There was no evidence that either Fungus F or S. chailletii was inhibited by the presence of the other in balsam fir sapwood, or that the presence of either had any effect upon the deteriorating capacity of P. abietinus. It is suggested that the principal explanation for the succession pattern of fungi in the deterioration of balsam fir lies in a dependence upon changes in certain properties of the wood substrate, particularly in the moisture content of the sapwood.

scholarly journals FUNGOUS DETERIORATION OF BALSAM FIR KILLED BY SPRUCE BUDWORM IN NORTHWESTERN NEW BRUNSWICK

1964 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Stillwell ◽  
D. J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
One Year ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Heavy Mortality

The rate of fungous deterioration was determined for 292 balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) killed by the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) in an area of heavy tree mortality in northern New Brunswick. Trees dead less than one year and up to seven years were examined. Fifty fir trees dead 0 to 2 years in a light mortality area were also examined. Trees in the heavy mortality area deteriorated much more slowly than those examined by other workers in Ontario. Stereum chailletii (Pers.) Fr. and S. sanguinolentum (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Fr. caused most of the incipient and advanced decay in New Brunswick, whereas S. chailletii caused all the incipient decay in trees dead less than one year in Ontario but was replaced after one year by Polyporus abietinus Dicks, ex Fr. which then caused most of the advanced decay. Advanced decay progressed faster in trees in the light mortality area in New Brunswick than in trees in the heavy mortality area. Nineteen species of basidiomycetes were associated with sapwood decay. Comments concerning the position and frequency of fungous occurrence in the different parts of the tree in relation to the number of years since death are made for eight of the more commonly isolated fungi. The introduction of S. chailletii into living trees by woodwasps and the differences observed in the development of P. abietinus in dead trees in the two regions are discussed.

scholarly journals AERIAL APPLICATION OF INSECTICIDES AND THE SUPPRESSION OF INCIPIENT SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAKS

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Early Treatment ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Wind Dispersal ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Aerial Application

The aerial application of insecticides against spruce budworm outbreaks is now a common practice. The measure had always been applied in outbreaks covering more or less extensive areas until 1960 when an opportunity was provided of spraying a small incipient infestation in the Lower St. Lawrence region of the Province of Quebec. It was hoped that early treatment might suppress the infestation and prevent its spread. Although the operation was successful in greatly reducing insect numbers in the area treated, it failed to arrest the infestation. Wind dispersal of first- and second-instar larvae prior to spray application resulted in the spread of the infestation beyond the area delimited for treatment. Also, the warm and dry weather in the spring of 1960, and the abundance of staminate flowers on the balsam fir and spruce trees greatly favoured larval survival. The aerial application of insecticides as a method of suppressing incipient spruce budworm outbreaks is discussed in the light of these results.

Changes in radial increment in stems and roots of balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.] after defoliation spruce budworm

1995 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Krause ◽  
Hubert Morin
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
One Year

Radial increment along the stems and the root systems of 20 balsam fir (Abies balsamea Mill.) was analysed as an indicator of resource allocation after a spruce budworm outbreak. The trees were located in a natural forest, 130 km north of Lake Saint Jean (Québec) in the boreal forest zone. The dynamics of the forest were determined by fire and insect outbreaks. The 20 analysed firs showed clear signs of the last two spruce budworm outbreaks. Tree-ring width was reduced one year earlier in the crown region than at the stem base, and was more variable in the root system. Many tree-rings were missing at the stem base section and especially in the root system (2099 missing rings). Recovery started with a time delay of one year from the upper part of the crown and continued downwards in the stem. The roots and the crown recovered within a longer period. Key words: Abies balsamea, Choristoneura fumiferana, dendroecology, radial increment, root, spruce budworm

Freezing injury and shoot elongation in balsam fir

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Lester ◽  
S. E. Lindow ◽  
C. D. Upper
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Growth Initiation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Timing Of Exposure

Three-year-old seedlings of balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) representing provenances with different rates of shoot growth initiation were exposed to four temperatures between −3.3 and −8.5 °C at two different times during shoot elongation. Exposure at −3.3 °C resulted in no bud, shoot, or leaf injury. Exposure at −8.5 °C resulted in injury to 53% of 2000 buds and shoots tested. Differences in provenance and in timing of exposure were significant at lower temperatures. Freezing injury was largely a function of the developmental stage of buds and shoots at each temperature of −4.5 °C or lower. One-year-old leaves were severely damaged at lower temperatures and effects of provenance and timing of exposure were present.

Between ‘Savage Man’ and ‘Most Faithful Englishman’ Manteo and the Early Anglo-Indian Exchange, 1584–1590

Itinerario ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Leroy Oberg
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
One Year ◽  
Anglo Indian

In August of 1587 Manteo, an Indian from Croatoan Island, joined a group of English settlers in an attack on the native village of Dasemunkepeuc, located on the coast of present-day North Carolina. These colonists, amongst whom Manteo lived, had landed on Roanoke Island less than a month before, dumped there by a pilot more interested in hunting Spanish prize ships than in carrying colonists to their intended place of settlement along the Chesapeake Bay. The colonists had hoped to re-establish peaceful relations with area natives, and for that reason they relied upon Manteo to act as an interpreter, broker, and intercultural diplomat. The legacy of Anglo-Indian bitterness remaining from Ralph Lane's military settlement, however, which had hastily abandoned the island one year before, was too great for Manteo to overcome. The settlers found themselves that summer in the midst of hostile Indians.

Some Biological Applications of High Voltage Electron Microscopy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
Hans Ris
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University

The High Voltage Electron Microscope Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin has been in operation a little over one year. I would like to give a progress report about our experience with this new technique. The achievement of good resolution with thick specimens has been mainly exploited so far. A cold stage which will allow us to look at frozen specimens and a hydration stage are now being installed in our microscope. This will soon make it possible to study undehydrated specimens, a particularly exciting application of the high voltage microscope.Some of the problems studied at the Madison facility are: Structure of kinetoplast and flagella in trypanosomes (J. Paulin, U. of Georgia); growth cones of nerve fibers (R. Hannah, U. of Georgia Medical School); spiny dendrites in cerebellum of mouse (Scott and Guillery, Anatomy, U. of Wis.); spindle of baker's yeast (Joan Peterson, Madison) spindle of Haemanthus (A. Bajer, U. of Oregon, Eugene) chromosome structure (Hans Ris, U. of Wisconsin, Madison). Dr. Paulin and Dr. Hanna are reporting their work separately at this meeting and I shall therefore not discuss it here.

Osseointegration interface of calcified bone and endosseous implants

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1097
Author(s):  
K.E. Krizan ◽  
J.E. Laffoon ◽  
M.J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Endosseous Implants ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Function

With increase use of tissue-integrated prostheses in recent years it is a goal to understand what is happening at the interface between haversion bone and bulk metal. This study uses electron microscopy (EM) techniques to establish parameters for osseointegration (structure and function between bone and nonload-carrying implants) in an animal model. In the past the interface has been evaluated extensively with light microscopy methods. Today researchers are using the EM for ultrastructural studies of the bone tissue and implant responses to an in vivo environment. Under general anesthesia nine adult mongrel dogs received three Brånemark (Nobelpharma) 3.75 × 7 mm titanium implants surgical placed in their left zygomatic arch. After a one year healing period the animals were injected with a routine bone marker (oxytetracycline), euthanized and perfused via aortic cannulation with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. Implants were retrieved en bloc, harvest radiographs made (Fig. 1), and routinely embedded in plastic. Tissue and implants were cut into 300 micron thick wafers, longitudinally to the implant with an Isomet saw and diamond wafering blade [Beuhler] until the center of the implant was reached.

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