From BIS/BAS to the big five

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk J. M. Smits ◽  
P. D. Boeck
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Big Five ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Behavioural Approach ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition System

Gray (1987) proposed two systems that underlie much of our behaviour and personality. One system relates to avoidance or withdrawal behaviour, called the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS), whereas the other system relates to approach behaviour, called the Behavioural Approach System (BAS). In two samples, it was investigated whether individual differences in surface of personality as described by the Big Five can be explained by BIS/BAS. Neuroticism and Extraversion could be explained well by BIS/BAS, but also for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness consistent findings were obtained. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Personality, Politics, and Religion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
Influence Model ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
First Mover

Individual differences in personality, religiosity, and political dispositions often are explained in conjunction with one another. Though the religious and political may share common themes of meaning-making, group identity, and societal organization, personality also influences these orientations. Specifically, the Big Five traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability) and authoritarianism demonstrate consistent relationships with religious/ political beliefs and behaviors. Personality is often thought of as the first mover to develop with an individual before exposure to the other two domains, leading to a conceptual influence model of: personality → religiosity → politics. Using longitudinal studies and genetically informed samples, however, some scholars suggest that these dispositions influence one another and could develop concurrently within individuals. Examining the measured boundaries and relationships between the three domains suggests these dispositions comprise an individual’s personhood, and the varied expression of traits, beliefs, and behaviors are somewhat dependent on culture and context.

scholarly journals The endowment effect in Chinese social media platforms: Existence, size, and associations with personality and social media use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Sindermann ◽  
Haibo Yang ◽  
Shixin Yang ◽  
Jon D. Elhai ◽  
Christian Montag
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Endowment Effect ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Social Media Addiction ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Chinese Social Media

The present studies followed the aim to investigate the endowment effects for prominent Chinese social media platforms in between-groups and within-subjects design studies. For between-groups investigations, two samples (each: N = 196; n = 98 men) asked either forwillingness to accept (WTA) or willingness to pay (WTP) for WeChat and two samples (each: N = 182; n = 91 men) providing information on either WTA or WTP for QQ were recruited. For within-subjects investigations, N = 250 (n = 125 men; WeChat) and N = 256 (n = 128 men; QQ) individuals completed items on WTA, WTP, the Big Five Inventory, time spent on WeChat/QQ, and the short Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. WTA/WTP disparities in the between-groups design were larger than those in the within-subjects design. Many individuals were not willing to pay anything or barely anything. Individual differences in the disparity were negatively associated with Openness across platforms. Especially the low WTP scores reveal important knowledge on the (lack of) acceptance of a monetary payment model currently discussed for social media platforms.

What do Children Want? A Conceptualisation of Evolutionary Influences on Children's Motivation in the Peer Group

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Motivational Systems ◽  
Resource Environment ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition System

This paper presents an evolutionary perspective on children's resourcedirected behaviour in peer groups. It is argued that reciprocity is theoretically expected to be the fundamental rule of resource exchange in peer relationships of friendship. Children are therefore expected to be attracted to peers who are similar to themselves on a wide variety of traits. These traits are viewed as resources in peer relationships, and individual differences in these traits represent a resource environment for children. In this paper, the resource environment represented by individual differences in several evolved motivational systems will be emphasised. The discussion focuses on such three evolved systems, the sensation seeking/impulsivity system, the human affectional system, and the behavioural inhibition system. It is concluded that individual differences in these systems are important for understanding friendship and sociometric status in children's peer relationships.

scholarly journals Discussion on ‘Automatic and Controlled Processes in Behavioural Control: Implications for Personality Psychology’ by Corr

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-422 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Controlled Processes ◽  
Behavioural Approach ◽  
Controlled Processing ◽  
Freeze System ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition System

This comment critiques Corr's (2010) characterization of the personality traits associated with the elements of Gray's conceptual nervous system: The behavioural inhibition system (BIS), the behavioural approach system (BAS) and the fight–flight–freeze system (FFFS). Most attention is paid to the FFFS because least is known about its manifestation in personality. Additionally, I suggest that Corr's framework for understanding automatic and controlled processing is useful for developing theories of the biological systems underlying traits that are not directly related to BIS, BAS and FFFS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Assessing Personality With Multi-Descriptor Items

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Johannes Schult ◽  
Rebecca Schneider ◽  
Jörn R. Sparfeldt
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Big Five Inventory ◽  
Personality Inventories

Abstract. The need for efficient personality inventories has led to the wide use of short instruments. The corresponding items often contain multiple, potentially conflicting descriptors within one item. In Study 1 ( N = 198 university students), the reliability and validity of the TIPI (Ten-Item Personality Inventory) was compared with the reliability and validity of a modified TIPI based on items that rephrased each two-descriptor item into two single-descriptor items. In Study 2 ( N = 268 university students), we administered the BFI-10 (Big Five Inventory short version) and a similarly modified version of the BFI-10 without two-descriptor items. In both studies, reliability and construct validity values occasionally improved for separated multi-descriptor items. The inventories with multi-descriptor items showed shortcomings in some factors of the TIPI and the BFI-10. However, the other scales worked comparably well in the original and modified inventories. The limitations of short personality inventories with multi-descriptor items are discussed.

Individual Differences in Students' Preferences for Lecturers' Personalities

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Student Ratings ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Similarity Effect ◽  
Intelligence Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This study examines the relationship between students' personality and intelligence scores with their preferences for the personality profile of their lecturers. Student ratings (N = 136) of 30 lecturer trait characteristics were coded into an internally reliable Big Five taxonomy ( Costa & McCrae, 1992 ). Descriptive statistics showed that, overall, students tended to prefer conscientious, open, and stable lecturers, though correlations revealed that these preferences were largely a function of students' own personality traits. Thus, open students preferred open lecturers, while agreeable students preferred agreeable lecturers. There was evidence of a similarity effect for both Agreeableness and Openness. In addition, less intelligent students were more likely to prefer agreeable lecturers than their more intelligent counterparts were. A series of regressions showed that individual differences are particularly good predictors of preferences for agreeable lecturers, and modest, albeit significant, predictors of preferences for open and neurotic lecturers. Educational and vocational implications are considered.

The Reliability of Retrieval-Induced Forgetting

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Potts ◽  
Robin Law ◽  
John F. Golding ◽  
David Groome
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Recognition Test ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Test Items ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Test Materials ◽  
Induced Forgetting

Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) refers to the finding that the retrieval of an item from memory impairs the retrieval of related items. The extent to which this impairment is found in laboratory tests varies between individuals, and recent studies have reported an association between individual differences in the strength of the RIF effect and other cognitive and clinical factors. The present study investigated the reliability of these individual differences in the RIF effect. A RIF task was administered to the same individuals on two occasions (sessions T1 and T2), one week apart. For Experiments 1 and 2 the final retrieval test at each session made use of a category-cue procedure, whereas Experiment 3 employed category-plus-letter cues, and Experiment 4 used a recognition test. In Experiment 2 the same test items that were studied, practiced, and tested at T1 were also studied, practiced, and tested at T2, but for the remaining three experiments two different item sets were used at T1 and T2. A significant RIF effect was found in all four experiments. A significant correlation was found between RIF scores at T1 and T2 in Experiment 2, but for the other three experiments the correlations between RIF scores at T1 and T2 failed to reach significance. This study therefore failed to find clear evidence for reliable individual differences in RIF performance, except where the same test materials were used for both test sessions. These findings have important implications for studies involving individual differences in RIF performance.

The role of personality in shaping pandemic response: Systemic sociopolitical factors drive country differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Siritzky ◽  
David M Condon ◽  
Sara J Weston
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
State Fragility ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
The Relationship

The current study utilizes the current COVID-19 pandemic to highlight the importance of accounting for the influence of external political and economic factors in personality public-health research. We investigated the extent to which systemic factors modify the relationship between personality and pandemic response. Results shed doubt on the cross-cultural generalizability of common big-five factor models. Individual differences only predicted government compliance in autocratic countries and in countries with income inequality. Personality was only predictive of mental health outcomes under conditions of state fragility and autocracy. Finally, there was little evidence that the big five traits were associated with preventive behaviors. Our ability to use individual differences to understand policy-relevant outcomes changes based on environmental factors and must be assessed on a trait-by-trait basis, thus supporting the inclusion of systemic political and economic factors in individual differences models.

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