Combining social axioms with values in predicting social behaviours

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Harris Bond ◽  
Kwok Leung ◽  
Al Au ◽  
Kwok‐Kit Tong ◽  
Zoë Chemonges‐Nielson
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Wishful Thinking ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Cynicism ◽  
And Coping

Recently, Leung et al. (2002) have identified a pan‐cultural set of five dimensions tapping beliefs about the world in which each individual functions. These general axioms may be conceptualized as individual assessments of the social context constraining one's behavioural choices. As such, we hypothesize that these beliefs about the world may be combined with measures of motivation to predict an individual's actions. To test this model, the present research examined the usefulness of these social axioms as predictors of behavioural tendencies in conjunction with four comprehensive dimensions of values (Schwartz, 1992). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that social axioms added moderate predictive power over and above that provided by values to vocational choices, methods of conflict resolution, and coping styles. Specifically, reward for application was related to preference for conventional jobs and accommodation in conflict resolution; religiosity was related to accommodation and to competition in conflict resolution; social cynicism was related negatively to collaboration and to compromise in conflict resolution, and positively to wishful thinking in coping; fate control was related positively to wishful thinking and distancing in coping; and social complexity was related to compromise and to collaboration in conflict resolution, and to problem‐solving as a coping strategy. It thus seems as if measures of respondents' beliefs about the external, social world supplement measures of their internal motivations to achieve various goals. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Worldviews and Individual Vulnerability to Suicide: The Role of Social Axioms

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 602-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben C. P. Lam ◽  
Michael Harris Bond ◽  
Sylvia Xiaohua Chen ◽  
Wesley C. H. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Cynicism

Research investigating the role of generalized beliefs about the world or worldviews is relatively scarce in the suicide literature. Two studies, using Hong Kong Chinese samples, examined how worldviews, as assessed by the Social Axioms Survey (SAS), were linked with individual vulnerability to suicide. In Study 1, we investigated the relationships of social axioms with various suicide indicators in cognitive, emotional and interpersonal domains, viz., suicidal ideation, negative self–esteem, psychache, burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Results from canonical correlation analysis showed that beliefs along the axiom dimensions of social cynicism, reward for application, and social complexity were linked to these suicide indicators. In Study 2, we tested the interplay of worldviews and personality traits in the prediction of suicidal thoughts. Hierarchical regression results demonstrated the predictive power of social axioms over and above that provided by the Big Five personality dimensions. Moreover, a significant interaction was observed between belief in reward for application and negative life events in predicting suicidal ideation, showing that reward for application buffered the effect of negative life events on suicidal ideation. Based on these results, we discussed the significance of worldviews as a consideration in suicide research and their implications for clinical assessment and intervention. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Social axioms and coping strategies: the case of a Greek sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Gari ◽  
Penny Panagiotopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wishful Thinking ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
Fate Control ◽  
Social Cynicism

Social axioms are individual assessments of psychological, social, material and spiritual reality expressed as generalized beliefs or assertions about the relationship between two entities or concepts. This study explores how social axioms are associated with coping styles in a Greek sample composed of students and adults. Previous studies of how social axioms are related to coping styles showed that Social Complexity predicted the coping style of problem solving, Fate Control predicted the strategies of distancing, and Social Cynicism predicted the wishful thinking coping processes. In the present study, the 82 item questionnaire version of the Social Axioms Survey (SAS) was employed, along with the Folkman and Lazarus questionnaire of coping styles adapted in the Greek language. Both questionnaires were administered to a sample of 192 individuals, of 48 men and 144 women, among whom 108 were adults and 84 were university students. The sample was composed by two age groups: young adults-students of age 18-30 years (43.8%) and adults of age 31-59 years (56.3%). The results showed that Social Cynicism was not correlated in any way withcoping strategies; however, Social Complexity was significantly associated with problem solving strategies, and Fate control was also associated with wishful thinking and distancing coping strategies.

scholarly journals Social Axioms of Young and Old People in India: A Survey Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Singh ◽  
Shabana Bano
Keyword(s):  
Social Complexity ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Old People ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
Fate Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Social Cynicism

Social axioms play a crucial role in the individual’s belief and value systems. The major functions of axioms are to enhance the survival and functioning of people in their social environment. Leung and Bond (2004) proposed five dimensions of social axioms as social cynicism, social complexity, reward for application, fate control and religiosity. The present study was designed to examine the social axioms of younger and older people. The study was conducted with 86 participants (N=51 young and N=35 old) age ranged 20-30 and 50-60 years. They were sampled from various areas of Varanasi City. The social axioms survey (Leung, Bond, Carrasquel, Munoz, Hernandez, Murikami, Yamagushi, Biebrauer&Singelis, 2002) was administered to examine the participants. Result showed that older participants significantly higher on social cynicism, reward for application and religiosity than younger participants. With respect to social complexity and fate control, no significant difference was found. The findings suggest that social axioms are important to understand an individual’s behaviour in a given society.

scholarly journals FAMILY COPING STRATEGIES IN THE MIDST OF CORONA CRISIS

2021 ◽  
Vol IV (4) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Devi Yulianti ◽  
◽  
Intan Fitri Meutia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
Family Coping ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
And Coping

The family as the unit in the social system has an important role and becomes the first social environment to introduce love, affection, social culture, and religion. When the world is suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic, the families are also affected by some impacts included: family health problems; family economic; family harmonization; family socio-psychology; and socio-culture. The family health is composed of fundamental dimensions: family social climate; family integrity; family functioning; family resistance and family coping. The family coping concept is the capacity of the family to confront, mobilize, and act on stressful events. This article illustrates the aspects of family health and coping strategies in the midst of the COVID-19 in Indonesia. It aims to inform and be the reference for further study related to the family adaptation in the corona crisis. We reviewed many works of literature in the form of articles from various journals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, families must be able to survive. COVID-19 pandemic does not only affect physical but also mental health. The way to deal with the events depend on family characteristics, the severity of the events and family support. There are two types of coping strategies that families in Indonesia usually adopt including reducing expense and increasing income.

scholarly journals DISEASE REPRESENTATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COPING STYLES IN ADOLESCENTS WITH TUMOURS OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Natal’ya Ye. Kharlamenkova
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experience Of Stress ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

The investigation results of the disease representation and its relationship with the coping styles in adolescents (n = 43) with tumour of the musculoskeletal system are discussed. The data obtained before and after surgery for the removal of the musculoskeletal tumour were compared. The results expected in accordance with the hypothesis that estimates of physical and emotional states dominate in adolescents disease representations have not been confirmed. It is shown that disease representation correlates with the social support and coping resources (motivation for recovery) and practically does not include the characteristics of the child’s physical and emotional states. A comparison of the relationship between disease representation and coping styles in subgroups of adolescents with different levels of stress revealed the following differences: with a low level of stress, the motivation for recovery as the child’s internal resource is correlated with an active search for social support which at the stage after surgery, begins to be supported by different styles of coping behaviour – solving the problem and reference to others; intense experience of stress significantly limits the possibilities of a teenager which correlates its disease with the physical and emotional problems solved by passively waiting for help from loved ones. Own resources to cope with difficult life situations in adolescents with high levels of stress are not widely available.

scholarly journals Κοινωνικά αξιώματα στην Ελλάδα: Ποιοτική έρευνα

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Πέννυ Παναγιωτοπούλου ◽  
Χριστίνα Καούρη ◽  
Νικολέτα Καραγιάννη
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
Life Planning ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Cynicism ◽  
Social And Physical Environment

Social axioms are generalized beliefs about oneself, the social and physical environment, or the spiritual world, and take the form of assertions about the relationship between two entities or concepts (Leung &Bond, 2002). The cross-cultural five factors structure: Social Cynicism, Reward for Application, Social Complexity, Fate Control and Religiosity, has been identified in Greece, while a sixth factor emerged in past studies. The present qualitative study aims it investigating the cultural specific social axioms. 362 students, young and older adults participated in 52 semi-structured interviews and 374 participated in 54 focus groups presenting their social axioms regarding the following topics: work, socio-economic crisis, family, religion, mental health, interpersonal and intergender relationships. According to the findings, the participants seemed deeply concerned with all the aspects of theongoing socio-economic crisis in relation to the unemployment, while family, interpersonal relationships and religion seemed to be critical in supporting Greeks during their everyday life and life planning.

scholarly journals The congruence of vocational interests and the workplace environment: Reducing the language teacher shortage

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Teacher Shortage ◽  
Vocational Interests ◽  
Directed Search ◽  
Language Teacher ◽  
Interest Inventory ◽  
Teacher Longevity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

There is a shortage of second/foreign language (S/FL) teachers in many parts of the world, and the rates of attrition are cause for alarm in North America. Canadian and US teachers’ ( N = 323) were administered the Self-Directed Search vocational interest inventory and the Coping in Stressful Situations scale. Results from this quantitative study confirmed the vocational profile of an efficacious second/foreign language teacher and revealed significant differences in coping styles between those teachers with and without the vocational profile. Additionally, data analysis indicated that the Social, Artistic, and Enterprising profile is directly related to teacher longevity in the profession. The research has implications for the recruitment and retention of S/FL teachers at a time of critical need.

The Individual and the Social

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Erikson
Keyword(s):  
Social Forces ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Scene ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Continuous Field

This chapter considers a second approach to the sociological perspective, which has to do with the effort to make clear that the social scene and the individual persons who compose it can be viewed as quite different entities. Sociologists know how to approach their subject matter as an assembly of parts. At the same time, they are cognizant of the fact that the social world, in essence, is a continuous field of force—a thing of drifts and tides and currents and flows. Human beings are all caught up in those drifts and flows, often without knowing that to be so. Autonomy is not a quality gained by asserting it to be so (“we believe in free will”). It is a quality to be gained by becoming aware of and coping with the social forces that make up the world in which we live.

scholarly journals The social axioms of populism: Investigating the relationship between culture and populist attitudes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-455
Author(s):  
Waleed A. Jami ◽  
Markus Kemmelmeier
Keyword(s):  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
Fate Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Cynicism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Social Flexibility

Populism is on the rise with various movements having electoral breakthroughs. Most social-science research on populism has focused primarily on party tactics and rhetoric, and a definition for the term itself; only recently has populism emerged as a psychological construct. We contribute to this growing literature with two studies (n = 456 and n = 5,837) that investigated the cultural worldviews underpinned in populist attitudes. Using the social axioms model, an etic framework for assessing people’s generalized social expectations, we linked populist attitudes to universal dimensions of culture. We found that higher levels of social cynicism and social flexibility, and to a lesser extent, lower levels of fate control and reward for application predicted populist attitudes. These findings indicate that people who endorse populist attitudes, across a range of contexts, are cynical regarding the social world, believe in alternative solutions to social dilemmas, but may also perceive a world that is difficult to control and potentially unfair. The discussion focuses on the cultural forces that may drive or facilitate populist attitudes across context and time.

General Beliefs about the World as Defensive Mechanisms against Death Anxiety

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Ka-Ying Hui ◽  
Michael Harris Bond ◽  
Timmy Sze Wing Ng
Keyword(s):  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Death Attitudes ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
Fate Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Cynicism ◽  
Defensive Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Affective Dimensions

Death ideation and death anxiety represent the cognitive and affective dimensions of death attitudes, respectively. General beliefs about the world are proposed to be useful defensive mechanisms protecting persons against the death anxiety provoked by death ideation. SEM is employed to test the proposed mediation model, using a sample of 133 Hong Kong Chinese university students. Results showed that death ideation was significantly and inversely linked to belief in social cynicism, reward for application, and fate control. Moreover, higher levels of belief in fate control and lower levels of religiosity predicted greater death anxiety. Only belief in fate control partially mediated the relationship between death ideation and death anxiety. Discussion focused on how social axioms serve as useful defensive mechanisms against death anxiety.

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