scholarly journals Single Chain Folding of Synthetic Polymers by Covalent and Non-Covalent Interactions: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 958-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozcan Altintas ◽  
Christopher Barner-Kowollik
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Chain Folding ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Covalent Interactions

scholarly journals Strengths and limitations of size exclusion chromatography for investigating single chain folding – current status and future perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (25) ◽  
pp. 3410-3425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Engelke ◽  
Josef Brandt ◽  
Christopher Barner-Kowollik ◽  
Albena Lederer
Keyword(s):  
Size Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Analytical Evaluation ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Chain Folding ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

Synthetic approaches for Single-Chain Nanoparticles (SCNPs) developed rapidly during the last decade, opening a multitude of avenues for the design of functional macromolecular chains able to collapse into defined nanoparticles. However, the analytical evaluation of the SCNP formation process still requires critical improvements.

scholarly journals Advances in the Multi-Orthogonal Folding of Single Polymer Chains into Single-Chain Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Agustín Blazquez-Martín ◽  
Ester Verde-Sesto ◽  
Angel J. Moreno ◽  
Arantxa Arbe ◽  
Juan Colmenero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Covalent Interactions ◽  
Individual Polymer

The folding of certain proteins (e.g., enzymes) into perfectly defined 3D conformations via multi-orthogonal interactions is critical to their function. Concerning synthetic polymers chains, the “folding” of individual polymer chains at high dilution via intra-chain interactions leads to so-called single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs). This review article describes the advances carried out in recent years in the folding of single polymer chains into discrete SCNPs via multi-orthogonal interactions using different reactive chemical species where intra-chain bonding only occurs between groups of the same species. First, we summarize results from computer simulations of multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs. Next, we comprehensively review multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs synthesized via either non-covalent bonds or covalent interactions. Finally, we conclude by summarizing recent research about multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs prepared through both reversible (dynamic) and permanent bonds.

Delineating synchronized control of dynamic covalent and non-covalent interactions for polymer chain collapse towards cargo localization and delivery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jojo P Joseph ◽  
Chirag Miglani ◽  
Aashish Bhatt ◽  
Debes Ray ◽  
Ashmeet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Folding Process ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Covalent Interactions ◽  
Synchronized Control

Chain collapse in synthetic polymers is an excellent approach to mimick natural self-folding process that imparts structural control leading to attractive compartmental applications e.g. drug delivery. In this regard, water...

scholarly journals Self-Healing Hydrogels: Preparation, Mechanism and Advancement in Biomedical Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3782
Author(s):  
Anupama Devi V. K. ◽  
Rohin Shyam ◽  
Arunkumar Palaniappan ◽  
Amit Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Tae-Hwan Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogels ◽  
Covalent Interactions

Polymeric hydrogels are widely explored materials for biomedical applications. However, they have inherent limitations like poor resistance to stimuli and low mechanical strength. This drawback of hydrogels gave rise to ‘’smart self-healing hydrogels’’ which autonomously repair themselves when ruptured or traumatized. It is superior in terms of durability and stability due to its capacity to reform its shape, injectability, and stretchability thereby regaining back the original mechanical property. This review focuses on various self-healing mechanisms (covalent and non-covalent interactions) of these hydrogels, methods used to evaluate their self-healing properties, and their applications in wound healing, drug delivery, cell encapsulation, and tissue engineering systems. Furthermore, composite materials are used to enhance the hydrogel’s mechanical properties. Hence, findings of research with various composite materials are briefly discussed in order to emphasize the healing capacity of such hydrogels. Additionally, various methods to evaluate the self-healing properties of hydrogels and their recent advancements towards 3D bioprinting are also reviewed. The review is concluded by proposing several pertinent challenges encountered at present as well as some prominent future perspectives.

Single-Chain Folding of Synthetic Polymers: A Critical Update

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozcan Altintas ◽  
Christopher Barner-Kowollik
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Chain Folding

scholarly journals Advances in the Multi-Orthogonal Folding of Single Polymer Chains into Single-Chain Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Blazquez-Martín ◽  
Ester Verde-Sesto ◽  
Angel J. Moreno ◽  
Arantxa Arbe ◽  
Juan Colmenero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Covalent Interactions ◽  
Individual Polymer

The folding of certain proteins (e.g., enzymes) into perfectly defined 3D conformations via multi-orthogonal interactions is critical to their function. Concerning synthetic polymers chains, the “folding” of individual polymer chains at high dilution via intra-chain interactions leads to so-called single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs). This review article describes the advances carried out in recent years in the folding of single polymer chains into discrete SCNPs via multi-orthogonal interactions using different reactive chemical species where intra-chain bonding only occurs between groups of the same species. First, we summarize results from computer simulations of multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs. Next, we comprehensively review multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs synthesized via either non-covalent bonds or covalent interactions. Finally, we conclude by summarizing recent research about multi-orthogonally folded SCNPs prepared through both reversible (dynamic) and permanent bonds.

scholarly journals Selectins—The Two Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Faces of Adhesion Molecules—A Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Tvaroška ◽  
Chandrabose Selvaraj ◽  
Jaroslav Koča
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Covalent Interactions

Selectins belong to a group of adhesion molecules that fulfill an essential role in immune and inflammatory responses and tissue healing. Selectins are glycoproteins that decode the information carried by glycan structures, and non-covalent interactions of selectins with these glycan structures mediate biological processes. The sialylated and fucosylated tetrasaccharide sLex is an essential glycan recognized by selectins. Several glycosyltransferases are responsible for the biosynthesis of the sLex tetrasaccharide. Selectins are involved in a sequence of interactions of circulated leukocytes with endothelial cells in the blood called the adhesion cascade. Recently, it has become evident that cancer cells utilize a similar adhesion cascade to promote metastases. However, like Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’s two faces, selectins also contribute to tissue destruction during some infections and inflammatory diseases. The most prominent function of selectins is associated with the initial stage of the leukocyte adhesion cascade, in which selectin binding enables tethering and rolling. The first adhesive event occurs through specific non-covalent interactions between selectins and their ligands, with glycans functioning as an interface between leukocytes or cancer cells and the endothelium. Targeting these interactions remains a principal strategy aimed at developing new therapies for the treatment of immune and inflammatory disorders and cancer. In this review, we will survey the significant contributions to and the current status of the understanding of the structure of selectins and the role of selectins in various biological processes. The potential of selectins and their ligands as therapeutic targets in chronic and acute inflammatory diseases and cancer will also be discussed. We will emphasize the structural characteristic of selectins and the catalytic mechanisms of glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of glycan recognition determinants. Furthermore, recent achievements in the synthesis of selectin inhibitors will be reviewed with a focus on the various strategies used for the development of glycosyltransferase inhibitors, including substrate analog inhibitors and transition state analog inhibitors, which are based on knowledge of the catalytic mechanism.

NON COVALENT INTERACTIONS IN LARGE DIAMONDOID DIMERS IN THE GAS PHASE - A MICROWAVE STUDY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristobal Perez ◽  
Melanie Schnell ◽  
Peter Schreiner ◽  
Norbert Mitzel ◽  
Yury Vishnevskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Covalent Interactions
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