scholarly journals Effect of frontal plane tibiofemoral angle on the stress and strain at the knee cartilage during the stance phase of gait

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1539-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas H. Yang ◽  
Hamid Nayeb-Hashemi ◽  
Paul K. Canavan ◽  
Ashkan Vaziri
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle

The Effect of the Frontal Plane Tibiofemoral Angle on the Stress and Strain at the Knee Cartilage During the Stance Phase of the Gait Cycle

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Yang ◽  
Hamid Nayeb-Hashemi ◽  
Paul Canavan
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Medial Compartment ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Normal Strain ◽  
Varus Knee ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle

Three-dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) knee models were created to determine the effect of the frontal plane tibiofemoral angle on the stress and strain at the knee cartilage during the stance phase of the gait cycle. Knee models of three healthy subjects of different tibiofemoral angles and weight were created from sagittal view magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the knee. The loading conditions were determined from motion analysis and force platform data and a muscle force reduction model. During the stance phase, the subjects exhibited a valgus-varus-valgus knee moment pattern that determined the location and magnitude of the maximum stress and strain in the cartilage on the lateral or medial compartment of the knee. The highest values of the normal stress, Tresca shear stress and normal strain for each subject occurred at 25% of the stance phase of the gait cycle, where the maximum compressive load and varus knee moment occurred. The individual with the varus aligned knee had the largest stress and strain at the medial compartment of the knee compared to the normal aligned and valgus aligned individuals due to the larger varus knee moment exhibited during the stance phase of the gait cycle in the varus aligned individual. The results from the FEA data may be used by health care professional to identify individuals most susceptible to knee osteoarthritis (OA) and assist in developing preventive measure to slow and possibly stop the initiation and progression of OA.

Method to Determine the Effect of the Frontal Plane Tibiofemoral Knee Angle on the Varus-Valgus Moment at the Knee During Stance and Gait

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Canavan ◽  
Nicholas H. Yang ◽  
Hamid Nayeb-Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle ◽  
Tibiofemoral Alignment ◽  
Biomechanical Factors

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of articular cartilage that affects millions of people [1]. Local biomechanical factors may severely affect initiation and progression of OA due to changes in loading conditions at the cartilage. The frontal plane tibiofemoral alignment effects the varus/valgus moment which could increase the overall loading at the knee. Biomechanical studies have reported that the varus moment is a key determinant in the load distribution at the knee [2, 3] and has been linked to OA progression [4, 5]. A normal knee will have a tibiofemoral angle approximately 7° valgus [6]. Deviation from this angle leads to a knee joint with a varus or valgus condition. In this investigation, a motion analysis procedure was developed to determine the affect of the frontal plane tibiofemoral angle on the force and moment reactions at the knee. The results of these methods could be utilized in a subject specific finite element model to determine the stress and strain at the knee cartilage and to suggest measures to prevent OA.

The Effect of the Frontal Plane Tibiofemoral Angle and Varus Knee Moment on the Contact Stress and Strain at the Knee Cartilage

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas H. Yang ◽  
Paul K. Canavan ◽  
Hamid Nayeb-Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Normal Stress ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Normal Strain ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle ◽  
The Individual

Subject-specific models were developed and finite element analysis was performed to observe the effect of the frontal plane tibiofemoral angle on the normal stress, Tresca shear stress and normal strain at the surface of the knee cartilage. Finite element models were created for three subjects with different tibiofemoral angle and physiological loading conditions were defined from motion analysis and muscle force mathematical models to simulate static single-leg stance. The results showed that the greatest magnitude of the normal stress, Tresca shear stress and normal strain at the medial compartment was for the varus aligned individual. Considering the lateral knee compartment, the individual with valgus alignment had the largest stress and strain at the cartilage. The present investigation is the first known attempt to analyze the effects of tibiofemoral alignment during single-leg support on the contact variables of the cartilage at the knee joint. The method could be potentially used to help identify individuals most susceptible to osteoarthritis and to prescribe preventive measures.

The Effects of Tibiofemoral Angle and Body Weight on the Stress Field in the Knee Joint

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas H. Yang ◽  
H. Nayeb-Hashemi ◽  
Paul K. Canavan
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Mechanical Axis ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle ◽  
Single Leg Stance ◽  
Von Mises

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of articular cartilage that may lead to pain, limited mobility and joint deformation. It has been reported that abnormal stresses and irregular stress distribution may lead to the initiation and progression of OA. Body weight and the frontal plane tibiofemoral angle are two biomechanical factors which could lead to abnormal stresses and irregular stress distribution at the knee. The tibiofemoral angle is defined as the angle made by the intersection of the mechanical axis of the tibia with the mechanical axis of the femur in the frontal plane. In this study, reflective markers were placed on the subjects’ lower extremity bony landmarks and tracked using motion analysis. Motion analysis data and force platform data were collected together during single-leg stance, double-leg stance and walking gait from three healthy subjects with no history of osteoarthritis (OA), one with normal tibiofemoral angle (7.67°), one with varus (bow-legged) angle (0.20°) and one with valgus (knocked-knee) angle (10.34°). The resultant moment and forces in the knee were derived from the data of the motion analysis and force platform experiments using inverse dynamics. The results showed that Subject 1 (0.20° valgus) had a varus moment of 0.38 N-m/kg, during single-leg stance, a varus moment of 0.036 N-m/kg during static double-leg stance and a maximum varus moment of 0.49 N-m/kg during the stance phase of the gait cycle. Subject 2 (7.67° valgus tibiofemoral angle) had a varus moment of 0.31 N-m/kg, during single-leg stance, a valgus moment of 0.046 N-m/kg during static double-leg stance and a maximum varus moment of 0.37 N-m/kg during the stance phase of the gait cycle. Subject 3 (10.34° valgus tibiofemoral angle) had a varus moment of 0.30 N-m/kg, during single-leg stance, a valgus moment of 0.040 N-m/kg during static double-leg stance and a maximum varus moment of 0.34 N-m/kg during the stance phase of the gait cycle. In general, the results show that the varus moment at the knee joint increased with varus knee alignment in static single-leg stance and gait. The results of the motion analysis were used to obtain the knee joint contact stress by finite element analysis (FEA). Three-dimensional (3-D) knee models were constructed with sagittal view MRI of the knee. The knee model included the bony geometry of the knee, the femoral and tibial articular cartilage, the lateral and medial menisci and the cruciate and the collateral ligaments. In initial FEA simulations, bones were modeled as rigid, articular cartilage was modeled as isotropic elastic, menisci were modeled as transversely isotopic elastic, and the ligaments were modeled as 1-D nonlinear springs. The material properties of the different knee components were taken from previously published literature of validated FEA models. The results showed that applying the axial load and varus moment determined from the motion analysis to the FEA model Subject 1 had a Von Mises stress of 1.71 MPa at the tibial cartilage while Subjects 2 and 3 both had Von Mises stresses of approximately 1.191 MPa. The results show that individuals with varus alignment at the knee will be exposed to greater stress at the medial compartment of the articular cartilage of the tibia due to the increased varus moment that occurs during single leg support.

Finite Element Analysis of the Knee: The Effect of Tibiofemoral Alignment and Weight on the Stresses in the Knee

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Yang ◽  
H. N. Hashemi ◽  
P. Canavan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Mechanical Axis ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Varus Knee ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle ◽  
Tibiofemoral Alignment ◽  
Biomechanical Factors

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of articular cartilage that affects millions of people [1]. Local biomechanical factors may severely affect the initiation and progression of OA due to changes in loading conditions at the knee cartilage. Body weight and the frontal plane tibiofemoral alignment are two biomechanical factors that could increase the overall loading at the knee. A normal knee will have a tibiofemoral angle approximately 7° valgus [2]. Deviation from this angle leads to a knee joint with a varus or valgus condition. The tibiofemoral angle is measured by the intersection made between the mechanical axis of the femur and the tibia in the frontal plane and affects the magnitude of the varus knee moment, Fig. 1A. Biomechanical studies have shown the varus moment is a key determinant in the load distribution at the knee [3, 4], Fig. 1A, and has been linked to OA progression [5, 6].

The Influence of Heel Height on Frontal Plane Ankle Biomechanics: Implications for Lateral Ankle Sprains

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Foster ◽  
Mark G. Blanchette ◽  
Yi-Chen Chou ◽  
Christopher M. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Lateral Ankle Sprain ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
High Heel ◽  
Ankle Inversion ◽  
Heel Height ◽  
High Heels

Background: Wearing high heel shoes is thought to increase an individual's likelihood of experiencing a lateral ankle sprain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of heel height on frontal plane kinematics, kinetics, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the ankle joint during walking. Methods: Eighteen healthy women participated. Three-dimensional kinematics, ground reaction forces, and EMG signals of the tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) were recorded as subjects ambulated in high (9.5 cm) and low (1.3 cm) heel shoes at a self-selected walking velocity. Peak ankle plantarflexion, peak ankle inversion angle, and the peak ankle inversion moment during the stance phase of gait were evaluated. The EMG variables of interest consisted of the normalized average signal amplitude of the TA and PL during the first 50% of the stance phase. Paired t-tests were used to assess differences between the two shoe conditions. Results: When compared to the low heel condition, wearing high heels resulted in significantly greater peak ankle plantarflexion and inversion angles ( p < 0.001). In addition, the peak inversion moment and PL muscle activation was found to be significantly higher in the high heel condition ( p < 0.001). No difference in TA muscle activity was found between shoe conditions ( p = 0.30). Conclusion: The plantarflexed and inverted posture when wearing high heels may increase an individual's risk for experiencing a lateral ankle sprain. Clinical Relevance: Data obtained from this investigation highlights the need for increased awareness and proper education related to the wearing of high heel shoes.

Sagittal and frontal plane joint mechanics throughout the stance phase of walking in adolescents who are obese

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. McMillan ◽  
A.M.E. Pulver ◽  
D.N. Collier ◽  
D.S.B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Plane Joint

Effect of contralateral cane use on hip moment impulse in the frontal plane during the stance phase

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 311-316
Author(s):  
Takuma Inai ◽  
Tomoya Takabayashi ◽  
Mutsuaki Edama ◽  
Masayoshi Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Frontal Plane
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