The Influence of Heel Height on Frontal Plane Ankle Biomechanics: Implications for Lateral Ankle Sprains

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Foster ◽  
Mark G. Blanchette ◽  
Yi-Chen Chou ◽  
Christopher M. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Lateral Ankle Sprain ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
High Heel ◽  
Ankle Inversion ◽  
Heel Height ◽  
High Heels

Background: Wearing high heel shoes is thought to increase an individual's likelihood of experiencing a lateral ankle sprain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of heel height on frontal plane kinematics, kinetics, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the ankle joint during walking. Methods: Eighteen healthy women participated. Three-dimensional kinematics, ground reaction forces, and EMG signals of the tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) were recorded as subjects ambulated in high (9.5 cm) and low (1.3 cm) heel shoes at a self-selected walking velocity. Peak ankle plantarflexion, peak ankle inversion angle, and the peak ankle inversion moment during the stance phase of gait were evaluated. The EMG variables of interest consisted of the normalized average signal amplitude of the TA and PL during the first 50% of the stance phase. Paired t-tests were used to assess differences between the two shoe conditions. Results: When compared to the low heel condition, wearing high heels resulted in significantly greater peak ankle plantarflexion and inversion angles ( p < 0.001). In addition, the peak inversion moment and PL muscle activation was found to be significantly higher in the high heel condition ( p < 0.001). No difference in TA muscle activity was found between shoe conditions ( p = 0.30). Conclusion: The plantarflexed and inverted posture when wearing high heels may increase an individual's risk for experiencing a lateral ankle sprain. Clinical Relevance: Data obtained from this investigation highlights the need for increased awareness and proper education related to the wearing of high heel shoes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ankle Bracing on Kinematics in Simulated Sprain and Drop Landings: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1480-1487
Author(s):  
Alison N. Agres ◽  
Marios Chrysanthou ◽  
Peter C. Raffalt
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Lateral Ankle Sprain ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Ankle Inversion ◽  
Ankle Kinematics ◽  
Ankle Brace ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drop Landings

Background: The efficacy of external ankle braces to protect against sudden inversion sprain has yet to be determined while taking into account the possible placebo effect of brace application. Purpose: To assess the protective effect of an external ankle brace on ankle kinematics during simulated inversion sprain and single-legged drop landings among individuals with a history of unilateral lateral ankle sprain. Hypothesis: The primary hypothesis was that active and placebo external braces would reduce inversion angle during simulated inversion sprain. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sixteen participants with ankle instability and previous sprain performed single-legged drop landings and sudden inversion tilt perturbations. Kinematics of the affected limb were assessed in 3 conditions (active bracing, passive placebo bracing, and unbraced) across 2 measurement days. Participators and investigators were blinded to the brace type tested. The effect of bracing on kinematics was assessed with repeated measures analysis of variance with statistical parametric mapping, with post hoc tests performed for significant interactions. Results: Only active bracing reduced inversion angles during a sudden ankle inversion when compared with the unbraced condition. This reduction was apparent between 65 and 140 milliseconds after the initial fall. No significant differences in inversion angle were found between the passive placebo brace and unbraced conditions during sudden ankle inversion. Furthermore, no significant differences were found among all tested conditions in the sagittal plane kinematics at the knee and ankle. Conclusion: During an inversion sprain, only the actively protecting ankle brace limited inversion angles among participants. These results do not indicate a placebo effect of external bracing for patients with ankle instability and a history of unilateral ankle sprain. Furthermore, sagittal plane knee kinematics appear to remain unaffected by bracing during single-legged landing, owing to the limited effects of bracing on sagittal ankle kinematics. These results highlight the role of brace design on biomechanical function during sports-related and injury-prone movements. Clinical Relevance: Athletes prone to reinjury after lateral ankle sprain may benefit from brace designs that allow for full sagittal range of motion but restrict only frontal plane motion.

Walking on High Heels Changes Muscle Activity and the Dynamics of Human Walking Significantly

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik B. Simonsen ◽  
Morten B. Svendsen ◽  
Andreas Nørreslet ◽  
Henrik K. Baldvinsson ◽  
Thomas Heilskov-Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Heel Height ◽  
High Heels

The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of net joint moments in the lower extremities during walking on high-heeled shoes compared with barefooted walking at identical speed. Fourteen female subjects walked at 4 km/h across three force platforms while they were filmed by five digital video cameras operating at 50 frames/second. Both barefooted walking and walking on high-heeled shoes (heel height: 9 cm) were recorded. Net joint moments were calculated by 3D inverse dynamics. EMG was recorded from eight leg muscles. The knee extensor moment peak in the first half of the stance phase was doubled when walking on high heels. The knee joint angle showed that high-heeled walking caused the subjects to flex the knee joint significantly more in the first half of the stance phase. In the frontal plane a significant increase was observed in the knee joint abductor moment and the hip joint abductor moment. Several EMG parameters increased significantly when walking on high-heels. The results indicate a large increase in bone-on-bone forces in the knee joint directly caused by the increased knee joint extensor moment during high-heeled walking, which may explain the observed higher incidence of osteoarthritis in the knee joint in women as compared with men.

Lower-Extremity Kinematics During Ankle Inversion Perturbations: A Novel Experimental Protocol That Simulates an Unexpected Lateral Ankle Sprain Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Simpson ◽  
Ethan M. Stewart ◽  
Anastasia M. Mosby ◽  
David M. Macias ◽  
Harish Chander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Lateral Ankle Sprain ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Ankle Inversion ◽  
Tilted Surface

Context: Lateral ankle sprains are a common injury in which the mechanics of injury have been extensively studied. However, the anticipatory mechanisms to ankle inversion perturbations are not well understood. Objective: To examine lower-extremity kinematics, including spatial and temporal variables of maximum inversion displacement and maximum inversion velocity, during landings on a tilted surface using a new experimental protocol to replicate a lateral ankle sprain. Setting: Three-dimensional motion analysis laboratory. Participants: A total of 23 healthy adults. Interventions: Participants completed unexpected (UE) and expected (EXP) unilateral landings onto a tilted surface rotated 25° in the frontal plane from a height of 30 cm. Main Outcome Measures: Ankle, knee, and hip kinematics at each discrete time point from 150 ms pre-initial contact (IC) to 150 ms post-IC, in addition to maximum ankle inversion and maximum inversion velocity, were compared between UE and EXP landings. Results: The UE landing produced significantly greater maximum inversion displacement (P < .01) and maximum inversion velocity (P = .02) than the EXP landing. Significantly less ankle inversion and internal rotation were found during pre-IC, whereas during post-IC, significantly greater ankle inversion, ankle internal rotation, knee flexion, and knee abduction were observed for the UE landing (P < .05). In addition, significantly less hip flexion and hip adduction were observed for the UE landing during pre-IC and post-IC (P < .05). Conclusions: Differences in the UE and EXP landings indicate the experimental protocol presented a UE inversion perturbation that approximates the mechanism of a lateral ankle sprain. Furthermore, knowledge of the inversion perturbation elicited a hip-dominant strategy, which may be utilized to assist with ankle joint stabilization during landing to further protect the lateral ankle from injury.

Influence of ankle joint plantarflexion and dorsiflexion on lateral ankle sprain: A computational study

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tserenchimed Purevsuren ◽  
Kyungsoo Kim ◽  
Myagmarbayar Batbaatar ◽  
SuKyoung Lee ◽  
Yoon Hyuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Anterior Talofibular Ligament ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Lateral Ankle Sprain ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Rotational Moment ◽  
Ankle Inversion

Understanding the mechanism of injury involved in lateral ankle sprain is essential to prevent injury, to establish surgical repair and reconstruction, and to plan reliable rehabilitation protocols. Most studies for lateral ankle sprain posit that ankle inversion, internal rotation, and plantarflexion are involved in the mechanism of injury. However, recent studies indicated that ankle dorsiflexion also plays an important role in the lateral ankle sprain mechanism. In this study, the contributions of ankle plantarflexion and dorsiflexion on the ankle joint were evaluated under complex combinations of internal and inversion moments. A multibody ankle joint model including 24 ligaments was developed and validated against two experimental cadaveric studies. The effects of ankle plantarflexion (up to 60°) and dorsiflexion (up to 30°) on the lateral ankle sprain mechanism under ankle inversion moment coupled with internal rotational moment were investigated using the validated model. Lateral ankle sprain injuries can occur during ankle dorsiflexion, in which the calcaneofibular ligament and anterior talofibular ligament tears may occur associated with excessive inversion and internal rotational moment, respectively. Various combinations of inversion and internal moment may lead to anterior talofibular ligament injuries at early ankle plantarflexion, while the inversion moment acts as a primary factor to tear the anterior talofibular ligament in early plantarflexion. It is better to consider inversion and internal rotation as primary factors of the lateral ankle sprain mechanism, while plantarflexion or dorsiflexion can be secondary factor. This information will help to clarify the lateral ankle sprain mechanism of injury.

Acute lateral ankle sprain alters muscle and tendon properties: Case series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Mansur ◽  
Marcos de Noronha ◽  
Rita de Cássia Marqueti ◽  
João Luiz Quagliotti Durigan
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Lateral Ankle Sprain ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Tendon Properties

Muscle Strength Deficit though Intact Proprioception after Lateral Ankle Sprain without Persistent Instability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel M. Madkhali ◽  
Shibili Nuhmani
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Lateral Ankle Sprain ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cohen's D

Abstract Background Lateral ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries in competitive sports. Previous studies which investigated muscle strength and proprioception (joint position sense) focused on subjects who sustained ankle sprain with instability. It is also important to investigate strength deficits and proprioception in subjects with a history of ankle sprain without instability. Therefore the aim of the study is to investigate proprioception and muscle strength deficits in athletes with lateral ankle sprain. Methods Twenty-four male athletes with a history of lateral ankle sprain and 24 age-matched controls (mean age of 22.42±4.13 years, mean height of 173±5.73 cm, and mean weight of 71.20±7.55 Kg) participated in this cross-sectional study. Peak torque and peak torque ratio at speeds of 30 and 120°/s for concentric and eccentric ankle inversion/eversion were evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer. The joint position sense of the ankle joint was evaluated using an active angle reproduction test. Result Peak torque produced was significantly less in subjects with history of ankle sprain in concentric inversion 30°/s(t(47)=4.11; p=0.000, Cohen’s d=1.29), concentric inversion 120°/s (t(47)=3.01; p=0.006, Cohen’s d=1.13), concentric eversion 30°/s (t(47)=3.85; p=0.001, Cohen’s d=1.24) and concentric eversion 120°/s (t(47)=3.15; p=0.005, Cohen’s d=1.09). At the same time there was no significant difference observed in eccentric eversion peak torque in both speed (eccentric eversion 30°/s p=0.079; eccentric eversion 120°/s p=0.867) between experimental and control group. No significant difference was found in the joint position sense in the maximal active inversion −5° position (p=0.312) and the 15° inversion position (P=0.386) between both group. Conclusion The study’s results reported a significantly less peak torque of invertors and evertors during concentric movements in athletes with history of ankle sprain. At the same time, no significant difference reported in the evertor/invertor peak torque ratio, and active joint position sense between the 2 groups.

scholarly journals Predictive Factors of Recovery after an Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain: A Longitudinal Study

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Philippe Terrier ◽  
Sébastien Piotton ◽  
Ilona M. Punt ◽  
Jean-Luc Ziltener ◽  
Lara Allet
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Strength Function ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Lateral Ankle Sprain ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Functional Scores ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Measures

A prominent feature of ankle sprains is their variable clinical course. The difficulty of providing a reliable early prognosis may be responsible for the substantial rate of poor outcomes after an ankle sprain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of objective clinical measures, pain, and functional scores for ankle sprain recovery. Fifty-two participants suffering from lateral ankle sprain were included. Sprain status was assessed four weeks following injury and included evaluations of ankle range of motion, strength, function, and pain. Seven months following injury, a second assessment classified the patients into recovered and non-recovered groups using ankle ability measures. Following a predictor pre-selection procedure, logistic regressions evaluated the association between the four-week predictors and the seven-month recovery status. Twenty-seven participants (52%) fully recovered and 25 did not (48%). The results of the logistic regressions showed that walking pain was negatively associated with the probability of recovering at seven months (odds ratio: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.95). Pain four weeks after ankle sprain had relevant predictive value for long-term recovery. Special attention should be paid to patients reporting persistent pain while walking four weeks following sprain to reduce the risk of chronicity.

scholarly journals Quick and simple test to evaluate severity of acute lateral ankle sprain

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Yuki Noda ◽  
Shuji Horibe ◽  
Kunihiko Hiramatsu ◽  
Rikio Takao ◽  
Kenji Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Lateral Ankle Sprain ◽  
Lateral Ankle

Letter to the Editor on “Treatment of lateral ankle sprain with platelet-rich plasma: A randomized clinical study”

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-858
Author(s):  
Jari Dahmen ◽  
Liam D.A. Paget ◽  
Gustaaf Reurink ◽  
Johannes L. Tol ◽  
Gino M.M.J. Kerkhoffs
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Lateral Ankle Sprain ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Letter To The Editor

In Vivo Kinematics of Functional Ankle Instability Patients and Lateral Ankle Sprain Copers During Stair Descent

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1860-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengxuan Cao ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Jiazhang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Lateral Ankle Sprain ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
In Vivo Kinematics ◽  
Stair Descent
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document