scholarly journals The effect of the frontal plane tibiofemoral angle on the contact stress and strain at the knee joint

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Hartley Yang
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Contact Stress ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle

The Effects of Tibiofemoral Angle and Body Weight on the Stress Field in the Knee Joint

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas H. Yang ◽  
H. Nayeb-Hashemi ◽  
Paul K. Canavan
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Mechanical Axis ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle ◽  
Single Leg Stance ◽  
Von Mises

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of articular cartilage that may lead to pain, limited mobility and joint deformation. It has been reported that abnormal stresses and irregular stress distribution may lead to the initiation and progression of OA. Body weight and the frontal plane tibiofemoral angle are two biomechanical factors which could lead to abnormal stresses and irregular stress distribution at the knee. The tibiofemoral angle is defined as the angle made by the intersection of the mechanical axis of the tibia with the mechanical axis of the femur in the frontal plane. In this study, reflective markers were placed on the subjects’ lower extremity bony landmarks and tracked using motion analysis. Motion analysis data and force platform data were collected together during single-leg stance, double-leg stance and walking gait from three healthy subjects with no history of osteoarthritis (OA), one with normal tibiofemoral angle (7.67°), one with varus (bow-legged) angle (0.20°) and one with valgus (knocked-knee) angle (10.34°). The resultant moment and forces in the knee were derived from the data of the motion analysis and force platform experiments using inverse dynamics. The results showed that Subject 1 (0.20° valgus) had a varus moment of 0.38 N-m/kg, during single-leg stance, a varus moment of 0.036 N-m/kg during static double-leg stance and a maximum varus moment of 0.49 N-m/kg during the stance phase of the gait cycle. Subject 2 (7.67° valgus tibiofemoral angle) had a varus moment of 0.31 N-m/kg, during single-leg stance, a valgus moment of 0.046 N-m/kg during static double-leg stance and a maximum varus moment of 0.37 N-m/kg during the stance phase of the gait cycle. Subject 3 (10.34° valgus tibiofemoral angle) had a varus moment of 0.30 N-m/kg, during single-leg stance, a valgus moment of 0.040 N-m/kg during static double-leg stance and a maximum varus moment of 0.34 N-m/kg during the stance phase of the gait cycle. In general, the results show that the varus moment at the knee joint increased with varus knee alignment in static single-leg stance and gait. The results of the motion analysis were used to obtain the knee joint contact stress by finite element analysis (FEA). Three-dimensional (3-D) knee models were constructed with sagittal view MRI of the knee. The knee model included the bony geometry of the knee, the femoral and tibial articular cartilage, the lateral and medial menisci and the cruciate and the collateral ligaments. In initial FEA simulations, bones were modeled as rigid, articular cartilage was modeled as isotropic elastic, menisci were modeled as transversely isotopic elastic, and the ligaments were modeled as 1-D nonlinear springs. The material properties of the different knee components were taken from previously published literature of validated FEA models. The results showed that applying the axial load and varus moment determined from the motion analysis to the FEA model Subject 1 had a Von Mises stress of 1.71 MPa at the tibial cartilage while Subjects 2 and 3 both had Von Mises stresses of approximately 1.191 MPa. The results show that individuals with varus alignment at the knee will be exposed to greater stress at the medial compartment of the articular cartilage of the tibia due to the increased varus moment that occurs during single leg support.

Method to Determine the Effect of the Frontal Plane Tibiofemoral Knee Angle on the Varus-Valgus Moment at the Knee During Stance and Gait

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Canavan ◽  
Nicholas H. Yang ◽  
Hamid Nayeb-Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle ◽  
Tibiofemoral Alignment ◽  
Biomechanical Factors

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of articular cartilage that affects millions of people [1]. Local biomechanical factors may severely affect initiation and progression of OA due to changes in loading conditions at the cartilage. The frontal plane tibiofemoral alignment effects the varus/valgus moment which could increase the overall loading at the knee. Biomechanical studies have reported that the varus moment is a key determinant in the load distribution at the knee [2, 3] and has been linked to OA progression [4, 5]. A normal knee will have a tibiofemoral angle approximately 7° valgus [6]. Deviation from this angle leads to a knee joint with a varus or valgus condition. In this investigation, a motion analysis procedure was developed to determine the affect of the frontal plane tibiofemoral angle on the force and moment reactions at the knee. The results of these methods could be utilized in a subject specific finite element model to determine the stress and strain at the knee cartilage and to suggest measures to prevent OA.

The Effect of the Frontal Plane Tibiofemoral Angle and Varus Knee Moment on the Contact Stress and Strain at the Knee Cartilage

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas H. Yang ◽  
Paul K. Canavan ◽  
Hamid Nayeb-Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Normal Stress ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Normal Strain ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle ◽  
The Individual

Subject-specific models were developed and finite element analysis was performed to observe the effect of the frontal plane tibiofemoral angle on the normal stress, Tresca shear stress and normal strain at the surface of the knee cartilage. Finite element models were created for three subjects with different tibiofemoral angle and physiological loading conditions were defined from motion analysis and muscle force mathematical models to simulate static single-leg stance. The results showed that the greatest magnitude of the normal stress, Tresca shear stress and normal strain at the medial compartment was for the varus aligned individual. Considering the lateral knee compartment, the individual with valgus alignment had the largest stress and strain at the cartilage. The present investigation is the first known attempt to analyze the effects of tibiofemoral alignment during single-leg support on the contact variables of the cartilage at the knee joint. The method could be potentially used to help identify individuals most susceptible to osteoarthritis and to prescribe preventive measures.

scholarly journals Effect of frontal plane tibiofemoral angle on the stress and strain at the knee cartilage during the stance phase of gait

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1539-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas H. Yang ◽  
Hamid Nayeb-Hashemi ◽  
Paul K. Canavan ◽  
Ashkan Vaziri
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle

The Effect of the Frontal Plane Tibiofemoral Angle on the Stress and Strain at the Knee Cartilage During the Stance Phase of the Gait Cycle

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Yang ◽  
Hamid Nayeb-Hashemi ◽  
Paul Canavan
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Medial Compartment ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Normal Strain ◽  
Varus Knee ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle

Three-dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) knee models were created to determine the effect of the frontal plane tibiofemoral angle on the stress and strain at the knee cartilage during the stance phase of the gait cycle. Knee models of three healthy subjects of different tibiofemoral angles and weight were created from sagittal view magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the knee. The loading conditions were determined from motion analysis and force platform data and a muscle force reduction model. During the stance phase, the subjects exhibited a valgus-varus-valgus knee moment pattern that determined the location and magnitude of the maximum stress and strain in the cartilage on the lateral or medial compartment of the knee. The highest values of the normal stress, Tresca shear stress and normal strain for each subject occurred at 25% of the stance phase of the gait cycle, where the maximum compressive load and varus knee moment occurred. The individual with the varus aligned knee had the largest stress and strain at the medial compartment of the knee compared to the normal aligned and valgus aligned individuals due to the larger varus knee moment exhibited during the stance phase of the gait cycle in the varus aligned individual. The results from the FEA data may be used by health care professional to identify individuals most susceptible to knee osteoarthritis (OA) and assist in developing preventive measure to slow and possibly stop the initiation and progression of OA.

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Contact Mechanics of Five Total Knee Joint Replacements

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Stewart ◽  
Z M Jin ◽  
D Shaw ◽  
D D Auger ◽  
M Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Contact Stress ◽  
Linear Elasticity ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Elasticity Analysis ◽  
Joint Replacements ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Maximum Contact

The tibio-femoral contact area in five current popular total knee joint replacements has been measured using pressure-sensitive film under a normal load of 2.5 kN and at several angles of flexion The corresponding maximum contact pressure has been estimated from the measured contact areas and found to exceed the point at which plastic deformation is expected in the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) component particularly at flexion angles near 90°. The measured contact area and the estimated maximum contact stress have been found to be similar in magnitude for all of the five knee joint replacements tested. A significant difference, however, has been found in maximum contact pressure predicted from linear elasticity analysis for the different knee joints. This indicates that varying amounts of plastic deformation occurred in the polyethylene component in the different knee designs. It is important to know the extent of damage as knees with large amounts of plastic deformation are more likely to suffer low cycle fatigue failure. It is therefore concluded that the measurement of contact areas alone can be misleading in the design of and deformation in total knee joint replacements. It is important to modify geometries to reduce the maximum contact stress as predicted from the linear elasticity analysis, to below the linear elastic limit of the plastic component.

Quantifying Achievable Levels of Improvement in Knee Joint Biomechanics During Gait After Total Knee Arthroplasty Relative to Osteoarthritis Severity

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jereme B. Outerleys ◽  
Michael J. Dunbar ◽  
Glen Richardson ◽  
Cheryl L. Hubley-Kozey ◽  
Janie L. Astephen Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Knee Biomechanics ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Joint Biomechanics ◽  
Total Knee

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery improves knee joint kinematics and kinetics during gait for most patients, but a lack of evidence exists for the level and incidence of improvement that is achieved. The objective of this study was to quantify patient-specific improvements in knee biomechanics relative to osteoarthritis (OA) severity levels. Seventy-two patients underwent 3-dimensional (3D) gait analysis before and 1 year after TKA surgery, as well as 72 asymptomatic adults and 72 with moderate knee OA. A combination of principal component analysis and discriminant analyses were used to categorize knee joint biomechanics for patients before and after surgery relative to asymptomatic, moderate, and severe OA. Post-TKA, 63% were categorized with knee biomechanics consistent with moderate OA, 29% with severe OA, and 8% asymptomatic. The magnitude and pattern of the knee adduction moment and angle (frontal plane features) were the most significant contributors in discriminating between pre-TKA and post-TKA knee biomechanics. Standard of care TKA improves knee biomechanics during gait to levels most consistent with moderate knee OA and predominately targets frontal plane features. These results provide evidence for the level of improvement in knee biomechanics that can be expected following surgery and highlight the biomechanics most targeted by surgery.

scholarly journals Effects of contact stress on patellarfemoral joint and quadriceps force in fixed and mobile-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyuck Min Kwon ◽  
Jin-Ah Lee ◽  
Yong-Gon Koh ◽  
Kwan Kyu Park ◽  
Kyoung-Tak Kang
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Contact Stress ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Mobile Bearing ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
High Flexion ◽  
Unicompartmental Knee ◽  
Quadriceps Force

Abstract Background Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an effective treatment for end-stage, symptomatic unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee joint. However, patellofemoral joint degeneration is a contraindication to medial UKA. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effect of medial UKA using fixed-bearing (FB) and mobile-bearing (MB) design prostheses on the patellofemoral joint. Methods A three-dimensional finite-element model of a normal knee joint was developed using medical image data. We performed statistical analysis for each model. The differences in contact stress on the patellofemoral joint and the quadriceps force between the FB and MB designs were evaluated under a deep-knee-bend condition. Results At an early flexion angle, the results of contact stress showed no significant difference between the FB and MB medial UKA models compared with the intact model. However, at high flexion angles, we observed a significant increase in contact stress with the FB models compared with the intact model. On the contrary, in the case of the MB models, we found no statistically significant increment compared with the intact model. A larger quadriceps force was needed to produce an identical flexion angle for both the FB and MB UKA designs than for the intact model. At high flexion angles, a significant increase quadriceps force whit the FB model compared with the intact model. Conclusions Our results indicate that with medial UKA, the contact stress increased and greater quadriceps force was applied to the patellofemoral joint. However, performing UKA on a patellofemoral joint with osteoarthritis should not be difficult, unless anterior knee pain is present, because the increase in contact stress is negligible.

Tibiofemoral Angle, Not Q-angle, is Related to Frontal Plane Lower Extremity Kinematics During a Weight-Bearing Perturbation

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S345-S346
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Windley ◽  
Anthony S. Kulas ◽  
Randy J. Schmitz ◽  
David H. Perrin ◽  
Sandra J. Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle ◽  
Q Angle

Tibiofemoral Angle, Not Q-angle, is Related to Frontal Plane Lower Extremity Kinematics During a Weight-Bearing Perturbation

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S345???S346
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Windley ◽  
Anthony S. Kulas ◽  
Randy J. Schmitz ◽  
David H. Perrin ◽  
Sandra J. Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Tibiofemoral Angle ◽  
Q Angle
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