Human skin in vivo has a higher skin barrier function than porcine skin ex vivo-comprehensive Raman microscopic study of the stratum corneum

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e201700355 ◽  
Author(s):  
ChunSik Choe ◽  
Johannes Schleusener ◽  
Jürgen Lademann ◽  
Maxim E. Darvin
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Porcine Skin

scholarly journals The Effect of Ultra Fine Bubbles Water on the Human skin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Kato ◽  
Tomoyuki Matsumoto ◽  
Setsuko Koura
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Water Clusters ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Small Water ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
Large Clusters

A certain amount of water needs to be maintained in the stratum corneum of the skin in order to maintain the skin barrier function. Therefore, it is important to supply water to the stratum corneum of the skin to reduce trans epidermal water loss (TEWL). However, because normal water has large clusters, it is difficult to penetrate the stratum corneum of the skin. Therefore, it was considered that the use of Ultra-fine bubbles (UFB) water, which is said to have small water clusters, promotes penetration into the stratum corneum of the skin, and is useful for improving the skin barrier function. The artificial skin to which O2-UFB water was dripped had the highest water content and the lowest TEWL. It also had a high affinity for human skin. From these results, improvement of skin barrier function by O2-UFB water can be expected.

scholarly journals Ex Vivo Live Full-Thickness Porcine Skin Model as a Versatile In Vitro Testing Method for Skin Barrier Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Jee-Hyun Hwang ◽  
Haengdueng Jeong ◽  
Nahyun Lee ◽  
Sumin Hur ◽  
Nakyum Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Porcine Skin ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients

Since the European Union (EU) announced their animal testing ban in 2013, all animal experiments related to cosmetics have been prohibited, creating a demand for alternatives to animal experiments for skin studies. Here, we investigated whether an ex vivo live porcine skin model can be employed to study the safety and skin barrier-improving effects of hydroxyacids widely used in cosmetics for keratolytic peels. Glycolic acid (1–10%), salicylic acid (0.2–2%), and lactobionic acid (1.2–12%) were used as representative substances for α-hydroxyacid (AHA), β-hydroxyacid (BHA), and polyhydroxyacid (PHA), respectively. When hydroxyacids were applied at high concentrations on the porcine skin every other day for 6 days, tissue viability was reduced to 50–80%, suggesting that the toxicity of cosmetic ingredients can be evaluated with this model. Based on tissue viability, the treatment scheme was changed to a single exposure for 20 min. The protective effects of a single exposure of hydroxyacids on skin barrier function were evaluated by examining rhodamine permeability and epidermal structural components of barrier function using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Lactobionic acid (PHAs) improved skin barrier function most compared to other AHAs and BHAs. Most importantly, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), an important functional marker of skin barrier function, could be measured with this model, which confirmed the significant skin barrier-protective effects of PHAs. Collectively, we demonstrated that the ex vivo live full-thickness porcine skin model can be an excellent alternative to animal experiments for skin studies on the safety and efficacy of cosmetic ingredients.

scholarly journals Retaining Skin Barrier Function Properties of the Stratum Corneum with Components of the Natural Moisturizing Factor—A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind In Vivo Study

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1649
Author(s):  
Johannes Schleusener ◽  
Andrew Salazar ◽  
Jörg von Hagen ◽  
Jürgen Lademann ◽  
Maxim E. Darvin
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Weakly Bound ◽  
Double Blind

The influence of a topically applied formulation containing components of natural moisturizing factor (NMF) on barrier-related parameters of the stratum corneum (SC) was investigated in vivo using confocal Raman microspectroscopy in a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study on 12 volunteers for 14 days. This method allowed for the elucidation of subtle differences between the verum and the placebo even though the components of the verum naturally occur in the SC. This differentiation is not possible non-invasively by conventional methods. In this study, we found that the applied verum and placebo formulations disrupted the equilibrium of water, NMF and lipids in the SC. The adverse effects of the formulation could be mitigated by incorporating it into a simplified supplementation of NMF molecules. As a long-term effect, the amount of strongly bound water increases at 30–40% SC depth (p < 0.05) and the amount of weakly bound water decreases at 30–40% SC depth (p < 0.05) for the verum. This supplement was also unexpectedly able to prevent intercellular lipids (ICL) disorganization in selected depths. In the long term, the verum treatment limited the lateral disorganization of the ICL to the upper 20% SC depth. Further research is required to elucidate the interplay of these factors in the SC, to better understand their contribution to the equilibrium and barrier function of the skin. This understanding of the interaction of these naturally occurring components could help in the future to develop and optimize topical treatments for diseases like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, ichthyosis where the skin barrier is disrupted.

A depth-dependent profile of the lipid conformation and lateral packing order of the stratum corneum in vivo measured using Raman microscopy

The Analyst ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 1981-1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
ChunSik Choe ◽  
Jürgen Lademann ◽  
Maxim E. Darvin
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Raman Microscopy ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Lipid Structure ◽  
Lipid Conformation ◽  
Intercellular Lipid

The intercellular lipid structure of the stratum corneum (SC) plays a key role in skin barrier function.

scholarly journals Assessment of Human Skin Gene Expression by Different Blends of Plant Extracts with Implications to Periorbital Skin Aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Namkoong ◽  
Dale Kern ◽  
Helen Knaggs
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Since the skin is the major protective barrier of the body, it is affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Environmental influences such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, pollution or dry/cold air are involved in the generation of radical oxygen species (ROS) and impact skin aging and dermal health. Assessment of human skin gene expression and other biomarkers including epigenetic factors are used to evaluate the biological/molecular activities of key compounds in cosmetic formulas. The objective of this study was to quantify human gene expression when epidermal full-thickness skin equivalents were exposed to: (a) a mixture of betaine, pentylene glycol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodiola rosea root extract (BlendE) for antioxidant, skin barrier function and oxidative stress (with hydrogen peroxide challenge); and (b) a mixture of Narcissus tazetta bulb extract and Schisandra chinensis fruit extract (BlendIP) for various biomarkers and microRNA analysis. For BlendE, several antioxidants, protective oxidative stress biomarkers and many skin barrier function parameters were significantly increased. When BlendE was evaluated, the negative impact of the hydrogen peroxide was significantly reduced for the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP 3 and MMP 12), the skin aging and oxidative stress biomarkers, namely FBN2, ANXA1 and HGF. When BlendIP was tested for cell proliferation and dermal structural components to enhance the integrity of the skin around the eyes: 8 growth factors, 7 signaling, 7 structural/barrier function and 7 oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly increased. Finally, when BlendIP was tested via real-time RT-PCR for microRNA expression: miR-146a, miR-22, miR155, miR16 and miR21 were all significantly increased over control levels. Therefore, human skin gene expression studies are important tools to assess active ingredient compounds such as plant extract blends to advance dermal hypotheses toward validating cosmetic formulations with botanical molecules.

Topical Formulation Containing Beeswax-Based Nanoparticles Improved In Vivo Skin Barrier Function

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2505-2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Souza ◽  
Luis Alexandre Pedro de Freitas ◽  
Patrícia Maria Berardo Gonçalves Maia Campos
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Topical Formulation

scholarly journals Compromising human skin in vivo and ex vivo to study skin barrier repair

2019 ◽  
Vol 1864 (8) ◽  
pp. 1103-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Berkers ◽  
W.A. Boiten ◽  
S. Absalah ◽  
J. van Smeden ◽  
A.P.M. Lavrijsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Repair ◽  
Skin Barrier Repair
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