scholarly journals Expression of cannabinoid receptors type 1 and type 2 in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: Growth inhibition by receptor activation

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Gustafsson ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Denise Severa ◽  
Maeve Eriksson ◽  
Eva Kimby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

scholarly journals First Report ofEurycoma longifoliaJack Root Extract Causing Relaxation of Aortic Rings in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bae Huey Tee ◽  
See Ziau Hoe ◽  
Swee Hung Cheah ◽  
Sau Kuen Lam
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Function ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Vasodilatory Effect

AlthoughEurycoma longifoliahas been studied for erectile function, the blood pressure- (BP-) lowering effect has yet to be verified. Hence, this study aims at investigating the BP-lowering properties of the plant with a view to develop an antihypertensive agent that could also preserve erectile function. Ethanolic root extract was partitioned by hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The DCM fraction, found to be potent in relaxing phenylephrine- (PE-) precontracted rat aortic rings, was further purified by column chromatography. Subfraction DCM-II, being the most active in relaxing aortae, was studied for effects on the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems in aortic rings. The effect of DCM-II on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was also evaluatedin vitro. Results showed that DCM-II reduced (p<0.05) the contractions evoked by angiotensin I and angiotensin II (Ang II). In PE-precontracted rings treated with DCM-II, the Ang II-induced contraction was attenuated (p<0.05) while bradykinin- (BK-) induced relaxation enhanced (p<0.001).In vitro, DCM-II inhibited (p<0.001) the activity of ACE. These data demonstrate that the vasodilatory effect of DCM-II appears to be mediatedviainhibition of Ang II type 1 receptor and ACE as well as enhancement of Ang II type 2 receptor activation and BK activity.

scholarly journals Cannabinoid Receptors: An Update on Cell Signaling, Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities in Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7693
Author(s):  
Dhanush Haspula ◽  
Michelle A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Made In

The identification of the human cannabinoid receptors and their roles in health and disease, has been one of the most significant biochemical and pharmacological advancements to have occurred in the past few decades. In spite of the major strides made in furthering endocannabinoid research, therapeutic exploitation of the endocannabinoid system has often been a challenging task. An impaired endocannabinoid tone often manifests as changes in expression and/or functions of type 1 and/or type 2 cannabinoid receptors. It becomes important to understand how alterations in cannabinoid receptor cellular signaling can lead to disruptions in major physiological and biological functions, as they are often associated with the pathogenesis of several neurological, cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. This review focusses mostly on the pathophysiological roles of type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptors, and it attempts to integrate both cellular and physiological functions of the cannabinoid receptors. Apart from an updated review of pre-clinical and clinical studies, the adequacy/inadequacy of cannabinoid-based therapeutics in various pathological conditions is also highlighted. Finally, alternative strategies to modulate endocannabinoid tone, and future directions are also emphasized.

scholarly journals Update on the Role of Cannabinoid Receptors after Ischemic Stroke

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano S. A. Capettini ◽  
Silvia Q. Savergnini ◽  
Rafaela F. da Silva ◽  
Nikos Stergiopulos ◽  
Robson A. S. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Transmembrane Receptors ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cannabinoids are considered as key mediators in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. In particular, they have been shown to reduce the ischemic injury after acute cardiovascular events, such as acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. These protective and anti-inflammatory properties on peripheral tissues and circulating inflammatory have been demonstrated to involve their binding with both selective cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) transmembrane receptors. On the other hands, the recent discoveries of novel different classes of cannabinoids and receptors have increased the complexity of this system in atherosclerosis. Although only preliminary data have been reported on the activities of novel cannabinoid receptors, several studies have already investigated the role ofCB1andCB2receptors in ischemic stroke. WhileCB1receptor activation has been shown to directly reduce atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, controversial data have been shown on neurotransmission and neuroprotection after stroke. Given its potent anti-inflammatory activities on circulating leukocytes, theCB2activation has been proven to produce protective effects against acute poststroke inflammation. In this paper, we will update evidence on different cannabinoid-triggered avenues to reduce inflammation and neuronal injury in acute ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Modulation of Type-1 and Type-2 Cannabinoid Receptors by Saffron in a Rat Model of Retinal Neurodegeneration

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e0166827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Maccarone ◽  
Cinzia Rapino ◽  
Darin Zerti ◽  
Monia di Tommaso ◽  
Natalia Battista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Retinal Neurodegeneration

scholarly journals Altered Expression of Type-1 and Type-2 Cannabinoid Receptors in Celiac Disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e62078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Battista ◽  
Antonio Di Sabatino ◽  
Monia Di Tommaso ◽  
Paolo Biancheri ◽  
Cinzia Rapino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Altered Expression

scholarly journals Gastric lymphoma: association withHelicobacter pyloriouter membrane protein Q (HopQ) and cytotoxic-pathogenicity activity island (CPAI) genes

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (16) ◽  
pp. 3468-3476 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. YAKOOB ◽  
Z. ABBAS ◽  
Z. AHMAD ◽  
K. TARIQ ◽  
S. AWAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Gastric Lymphoma ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Allelic Type ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Cag Pai

SUMMARYB-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-cell NHL) is the second commonest malignancy in the stomach. We determined the distribution ofHelicobacter pyloriouter membrane protein Q (HopQ) allelic type, cytotoxin-associated gene (cag)-pathogenicity activity island (cag-PAI) and vacuolation activating cytotoxin A (vacA) genes, respectively, in patients with B-cell NHL. We also compared them with their distribution in non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD).H. pyloriwas cultured from gastric biopsy tissue obtained at endoscopy. Polymerase chain reaction was performed. Of 170 patients enrolled, 114 (63%) had NUD and 56 (37%) had B-cell NHL. HopQ type 1 was positive in 66 (58%) in NUD compared with 46 (82%) (P= 0·002) in B-cell NHL; HopQ type 2 was positive in 93 (82%) with NUD compared with 56 (100%) (P< 0·001) in B-cell NHL. Multiple HopQ types were present in 46 (40%) in NUD compared with 46 (82%) (P< 0·001) in B-cell NHL. CagA was positive in 48 (42%) in NUDvs. 50 (89%) (P< 0·001) in B-cell NHL; cagT was positive in 35 (31%) in NUDvs. 45 (80%) (P< 0·001) in B-cell NHL; left end of thecagAgene (LEC)1 was positive in 23 (20%) in NUDvs. 43 (77%) (P< 0·001) in B-cell NHL. VacAs1am1 positive in B-cell NHL in 48 (86%) (P< 0·001)vs. 50 (44%) in NUD, while s1am2 was positive in 20 (17%) in NUDvs. 46 (82%) (P< 0·001) in B-cell NHL.H. pyloristrains with multiple HopQ allelic types, truncated cag-PAI evidenced by expression of cagA, cagT and cag LEC with virulent vacAs1 alleles are associated with B-cell NHL development.

scholarly journals Interference with the Cannabinoid Receptor CB1R Results in Miswiring of GnRH3 and AgRP1 Axons in Zebrafish Embryos

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Zuccarini ◽  
Ilaria D’Atri ◽  
Erika Cottone ◽  
Ken Mackie ◽  
Inbal Shainer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Axonal Projections ◽  
Embryonic Exposure ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Bioinformatic Approach

The G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R), and their endocannabinoid (eCBs) ligands, have been implicated in several aspects of brain wiring during development. Here we aim to assess whether interfering with CB1R affects development, neuritogenesis and pathfinding of GnRH and AgRP neurons, forebrain neurons that control respectively reproduction and appetite. We pharmacologically and genetically interfered with CB1R in zebrafish strains with fluorescently labeled GnRH3 and the AgRP1 neurons. By applying CB1R antagonists we observed a reduced number of GnRH3 neurons, fiber misrouting and altered fasciculation. Similar phenotypes were observed by CB1R knockdown. Interfering with CB1R also resulted in a reduced number, misrouting and poor fasciculation of the AgRP1 neuron’s axonal projections. Using a bioinformatic approach followed by qPCR validation, we have attempted to link CB1R functions with known guidance and fasciculation proteins. The search identified stathmin-2, a protein controlling microtubule dynamics, previously demonstrated to be coexpressed with CB1R and now shown to be downregulated upon interference with CB1R in zebrafish. Together, these results raise the likely possibility that embryonic exposure to low doses of CB1R-interfering compounds could impact on the development of the neuroendocrine systems controlling sexual maturation, reproduction and food intake.

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