scholarly journals Human bocavirus, coronavirus, and polyomavirus detected among patients hospitalised with severe acute respiratory illness in South Africa, 2012 to 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. e59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Subramoney ◽  
Orienka Hellferscee ◽  
Marthi Pretorius ◽  
Stefano Tempia ◽  
Meredith McMorrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness

scholarly journals Mortality amongst Patients with Influenza-Associated Severe Acute Respiratory Illness, South Africa, 2009-2013

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0118884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Cohen ◽  
Jocelyn Moyes ◽  
Stefano Tempia ◽  
Michelle Groome ◽  
Sibongile Walaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Influenza-Associated Severe Acute Respiratory Illness Hospitalization in South Africa, 2012–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Tempia ◽  
Sibongile Walaza ◽  
Jocelyn Moyes ◽  
Adam L. Cohen ◽  
Claire von Mollendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness

Abstract Background Data on risk factors for influenza-associated hospitalizations in low- and middle-income countries are limited. Methods We conducted active syndromic surveillance for hospitalized severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) and outpatient influenza-like illness (ILI) in 2 provinces of South Africa during 2012–2015. We compared the characteristics of influenza-positive patients with SARI to those with ILI to identify factors associated with severe disease requiring hospitalization, using unconditional logistic regression. Results During the study period, influenza virus was detected in 5.9% (110 of 1861) and 15.8% (577 of 3652) of SARI and ILI cases, respectively. On multivariable analysis factors significantly associated with increased risk of influenza-associated SARI hospitalization were as follows: younger and older age (<6 months [adjusted odds ratio {aOR}, 37.6], 6–11 months [aOR, 31.9], 12–23 months [aOR, 22.1], 24–59 months [aOR, 7.1], and ≥65 years [aOR, 40.7] compared with 5–24 years of age), underlying medical conditions (aOR, 4.5), human immunodeficiency virus infection (aOR, 4.3), and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization density ≥1000 deoxyribonucleic acid copies/mL (aOR, 4.8). Underlying medical conditions in children aged <5 years included asthma (aOR, 22.7), malnutrition (aOR, 2.4), and prematurity (aOR, 4.8); in persons aged ≥5 years, conditions included asthma (aOR, 3.6), diabetes (aOR, 7.1), chronic lung diseases (aOR, 10.7), chronic heart diseases (aOR, 9.6), and obesity (aOR, 21.3). Mine workers (aOR, 13.8) and pregnant women (aOR, 12.5) were also at increased risk for influenza-associated hospitalization. Conclusions The risk groups identified in this study may benefit most from annual influenza immunization, and children <6 months of age may be protected through vaccination of their mothers during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with hospitalisation for influenza-associated severe acute respiratory illness in South Africa: A case-population study

Vaccine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (46) ◽  
pp. 5649-5655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tochukwu Raphael Abadom ◽  
Adrian D. Smith ◽  
Stefano Tempia ◽  
Shabir A. Madhi ◽  
Cheryl Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness

scholarly journals Parainfluenza Virus Infection Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Children and Adults Hospitalized for Severe Acute Respiratory Illness in South Africa, 2009–2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam L. Cohen ◽  
Philip K. Sahr ◽  
Florette Treurnicht ◽  
Sibongile Walaza ◽  
Michelle J. Groome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Attributable Fraction ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness

Abstract Background.  Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is a common cause of acute respiratory tract infections, but little is known about PIV infection in children and adults in Africa, especially in settings where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence is high. Methods.  We conducted active, prospective sentinel surveillance for children and adults hospitalized with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) from 2009 to 2014 in South Africa. We enrolled controls (outpatients without febrile or respiratory illness) to calculate the attributable fraction for PIV infection. Respiratory specimens were tested by multiplex real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for parainfluenza types 1, 2, and 3. Results.  Of 18 282 SARI cases enrolled, 1188 (6.5%) tested positive for any PIV type: 230 (19.4%) were type 1; 168 (14.1%) were type 2; 762 (64.1%) were type 3; and 28 (2.4%) had coinfection with 2 PIV types. After adjusting for age, HIV serostatus, and respiratory viral coinfection, the attributable fraction for PIV was 65.6% (95% CI [confidence interval], 47.1–77.7); PIV contributed to SARI among HIV-infected and -uninfected children <5 years of age and among individuals infected with PIV types 1 and 3. The observed overall incidence of PIV-associated SARI was 38 (95% CI, 36–39) cases per 100 000 population and was highest in children <1 year of age (925 [95% CI, 864–989] cases per 100 000 population). Compared with persons without HIV, persons with HIV had an increased relative risk of PIV hospitalization (9.4; 95% CI, 8.5–10.3). Conclusions.  Parainfluenza virus causes substantial severe respiratory disease in South Africa among children <5 years of age, especially those that are infected with HIV.

scholarly journals A case report of the enterovirus-D68 associated severe acute respiratory illness in a pediatric case from India

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 900-903
Author(s):  
Sumit D. Bhardwaj ◽  
Varsha A. Potdar ◽  
Pragya D. Yadav ◽  
Manohar L. Chaudhary ◽  
Mandeep S. Chadha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Pediatric Case ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness
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