Exploring the role of context-dependent hippocampal activity in spatial alternation behavior

Hippocampus ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 988-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Ainge ◽  
Matthijs A.A. van der Meer ◽  
Rosamund F. Langston ◽  
Emma R. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Alternation Behavior ◽  
Spatial Alternation ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
Context Dependent

Forming Impressions of Personality

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne Nauts ◽  
Oliver Langner ◽  
Inge Huijsmans ◽  
Roos Vonk ◽  
Daniël H. J. Wigboldus
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Context Dependent

Asch’s seminal research on “Forming Impressions of Personality” (1946) has widely been cited as providing evidence for a primacy-of-warmth effect, suggesting that warmth-related judgments have a stronger influence on impressions of personality than competence-related judgments (e.g., Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007 ; Wojciszke, 2005 ). Because this effect does not fit with Asch’s Gestalt-view on impression formation and does not readily follow from the data presented in his original paper, the goal of the present study was to critically examine and replicate the studies of Asch’s paper that are most relevant to the primacy-of-warmth effect. We found no evidence for a primacy-of-warmth effect. Instead, the role of warmth was highly context-dependent, and competence was at least as important in shaping impressions as warmth.

scholarly journals The role of kinship in knowledge about medicinal plants: evidence for context-dependent model-based biases in cultural transmission?

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla de Carvalho de Brito ◽  
Washington Soares Ferreira-Júnior ◽  
Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque ◽  
Marcelo Alves Ramos ◽  
Taline Cristina da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Dependent Model ◽  
Context Dependent

scholarly journals Threat imminence dictates the role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in contextual fear

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis D. Goode ◽  
Gillian M. Acca ◽  
Stephen Maren
Keyword(s):  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Stria Terminalis ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Conditioned Stimuli ◽  
Reversible Inactivation ◽  
Bed Nucleus ◽  
Contextual Fear ◽  
Context Dependent

ABSTRACTPrevious work indicates that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is involved in defensive freezing to unpredictable Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (Goode et al., 2019). Here we show that the BNST mediates freezing to contexts paired with remote (unpredictable), but not imminent (predictable), footshock. Rats underwent a fear conditioning procedure in which a single footshock unconditioned stimulus (US) was delivered either 1 (imminent) or 9 minutes (remote) after placement in the context; each rat received a total of four conditioning trials over two days. Contexts associated with either imminent or remote USs produced distinct patterns of freezing and shock-induced activity but freezing in each case was context-dependent. Reversible inactivation of the BNST reduced the expression of contextual freezing in the context paired with remote, but not imminent, footshock. Implications of these data are discussed in light of recent conceptualizations of BNST function, as well as for anxiety behaviors.

scholarly journals The Role of Autophagy in the Progression and Treatment of Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Ismail Al-Janabi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanism ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
The Relationship

Autophagy is a conserved homeostatic mechanism enabling cells to cope with various stresses. The pathways leading up to the activation of autophagy are interconnected with those of tumorigenesis. However, the relationship between the two events is not a straightforward one and very often context-dependent. Generally, autophagy appears to act against the tumor during the initiation stage and most often drives cancer progression subsequently. Published clinical trials for the treatment of various tumors, where autophagy was pharmacologically inhibited, were obtained and tabulated. Targeting autophagy for the treatment of tumors can be rewarding in the appropriate context, such as cancer type, grade, and microenvironment.

scholarly journals Time-resolved neural reinstatement and pattern separation during memory decisions in human hippocampus

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (31) ◽  
pp. E7418-E7427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn J. Lohnas ◽  
Katherine Duncan ◽  
Werner K. Doyle ◽  
Thomas Thesen ◽  
Orrin Devinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Human Hippocampus ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
High Frequency Activity ◽  
Occipitotemporal Cortex

Mnemonic decision-making has long been hypothesized to rely on hippocampal dynamics that bias memory processing toward the formation of new memories or the retrieval of old ones. Successful memory encoding may be best optimized by pattern separation, whereby two highly similar experiences can be represented by underlying neural populations in an orthogonal manner. By contrast, successful memory retrieval is thought to be supported by a recovery of the same neural pattern laid down during encoding. Here we examined how hippocampal pattern completion and separation emerge over time during memory decisions. We measured electrocorticography activity in the human hippocampus and posterior occipitotemporal cortex (OTC) while participants performed continuous recognition of items that were new, repeated (old), or highly similar to a prior item (similar). During retrieval decisions of old items, both regions exhibited significant reinstatement of multivariate high-frequency activity (HFA) associated with encoding. Further, the extent of reinstatement of encoding patterns during retrieval was correlated with the strength (HFA power) of hippocampal encoding. Evidence for encoding pattern reinstatement was also seen in OTC on trials requiring fine-grained discrimination of similar items. By contrast, hippocampal activity showed evidence for pattern separation during these trials. Together, these results underscore the critical role of the hippocampus in supporting both reinstatement of overlapping information and separation of similar events.

scholarly journals The role of sublexical variables in reading fluency development among Spanish children

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta ÁLVAREZ-CAÑIZO ◽  
Paz SUÁREZ-COALLA ◽  
Fernando CUETOS
Keyword(s):  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
Orthographic Representation ◽  
New Words ◽  
Orthographic Representations ◽  
Syllabic Structure ◽  
Context Dependent

AbstractSeveral studies have found that, after repeated exposure to new words, children form orthographic representations that allow them to read those words faster and more fluently. However, these studies did not take into account variables related to the words. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sublexical variables on the formation of orthographic representations of words by Spanish children. The first experiment used pseudo-words of varying syllabic structure and syllabic frequency. The stimuli for the second experiment were formed with or without context-dependent graphemes. We found that formation of orthographic representations was influenced by syllabic structure (easier for words with simple syllabic structure) and the context-dependency of graphemes (easier in the absence of context-dependent graphemes), but not syllabic frequency. These results indicate that the easier it is to read a word, the easier it is to form an orthographic representation of it.

scholarly journals The role of carbon dioxide in nematode behaviour and physiology

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (8) ◽  
pp. 841-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navonil Banerjee ◽  
Elissa A. Hallem
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensory Cue ◽  
Context Dependent

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is an important sensory cue for many animals, including both parasitic and free-living nematodes. Many nematodes show context-dependent, experience-dependent and/or life-stage-dependent behavioural responses to CO2, suggesting that CO2 plays crucial roles throughout the nematode life cycle in multiple ethological contexts. Nematodes also show a wide range of physiological responses to CO2. Here, we review the diverse responses of parasitic and free-living nematodes to CO2. We also discuss the molecular, cellular and neural circuit mechanisms that mediate CO2 detection in nematodes, and that drive context-dependent and experience-dependent responses of nematodes to CO2.

scholarly journals STAT3 and STAT5 Activation in Solid Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Igelmann ◽  
Heidi Neubauer ◽  
Gerardo Ferbeyre
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Context Dependent

The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)3 and 5 proteins are activated by many cytokine receptors to regulate specific gene expression and mitochondrial functions. Their role in cancer is largely context-dependent as they can both act as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. We review here the role of STAT3/5 activation in solid cancers and summarize their association with survival in cancer patients. The molecular mechanisms that underpin the oncogenic activity of STAT3/5 signaling include the regulation of genes that control cell cycle and cell death. However, recent advances also highlight the critical role of STAT3/5 target genes mediating inflammation and stemness. In addition, STAT3 mitochondrial functions are required for transformation. On the other hand, several tumor suppressor pathways act on or are activated by STAT3/5 signaling, including tyrosine phosphatases, the sumo ligase Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT3 (PIAS3), the E3 ubiquitin ligase TATA Element Modulatory Factor/Androgen Receptor-Coactivator of 160 kDa (TMF/ARA160), the miRNAs miR-124 and miR-1181, the Protein of alternative reading frame 19 (p19ARF)/p53 pathway and the Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 and 3 (SOCS1/3) proteins. Cancer mutations and epigenetic alterations may alter the balance between pro-oncogenic and tumor suppressor activities associated with STAT3/5 signaling, explaining their context-dependent association with tumor progression both in human cancers and animal models.

Context-dependent reflex control: some insights into the role of balance

1998 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Rietdyk ◽  
A. E. Patla
Keyword(s):  
Reflex Control ◽  
Context Dependent
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document