scholarly journals Is changing the minimum legal drinking age an effective policy tool?

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1483-1490
Author(s):  
Nicolai Brachowicz ◽  
Judit Vall Castello
Keyword(s):  
Policy Tool ◽  
Drinking Age ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Minimum Legal Drinking Age

scholarly journals To Trade or Not To Trade? Criteria for Applying Cap and Trade

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 953-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Benkovic ◽  
Joseph Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
Trading Program ◽  
The U.S

The use of emissions trading (cap and trade) is gaining worldwide recognition as an extremely effective policy tool. The U.S. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Emissions Trading Program has achieved an unprecedented level of environmental protection in a cost-effective manner. The successful results of the program have led domestic and foreign governments to consider the application of cap and trade to address other air quality issues. Certain analyses are particularly important in determining whether or not cap and trade is an appropriate policy tool. This paper offers a set of questions that can be used as criteria for determining whether or not cap and trade is the preferred policy approach to an environmental problem.

Midstream social marketing intervention to influence retailers’ compliance with the minimum legal drinking age law

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Kamin ◽  
Daša Kokole
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Drinking Age ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Minimum Legal Drinking Age ◽  
Marketing Intervention ◽  
Marketing Approach

Purpose Alcohol availability is strongly related to excessive alcohol consumption. This study aims to examine social marketing’s response to concerns about retailers’ noncompliance with the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) law by proposing and evaluating a social marketing intervention directed at sellers in off-premise stores. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a non-randomized quasi-experimental design, focusing on an evaluation of the implementation of the “18 rules!” intervention in four cities in Slovenia. Two waves of underage purchase attempts were conducted pre- and post-intervention in 24 off-premise businesses, following a mystery shopping protocol. Findings The initial rate of retailers’ noncompliance with the MLDA law in off-premise establishments was high. After the social marketing intervention, an increase with compliance with the law was observed; the proportion of cashiers selling alcohol to minors after the intervention decreased from 96 to 67 per cent. Qualitative insight suggests an existence of retailers’ dilemma in complying with the MLDA. Research limitations/implications A social marketing approach could contribute to a better understanding of the social working of the MLDA law. Practical implications A social marketing approach could complement the usual enforcement strategies and contribute to a better understanding of the social working of the MLDA law, and encourage deliberate retailers’ compliance with it while developing valuable exchanges among people and stakeholders. Originality/value The paper conceptualizes retailers’ dilemma in complying with the minimal legal drinking age law and offers social marketing response to it. Results of the study show that also solely non-coercive measures have the potential in increasing retailers’ compliance with regulations.

scholarly journals Consolidated Climate Markets Mechanism Analysis—Case Studies of China, Japan, and Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6478
Author(s):  
Jules Chuang ◽  
Hsing-Lung Lien ◽  
Akemi Kokubo Roche ◽  
Pei-Hsuan Liao ◽  
Walter Den
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Trading Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Instrument

The post-Kyoto Protocol era has seen a transition to focus on the development of a renewable energy (RE) market as a primary instrument to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. This paper analyses the development of GHG reduction and RE market in China, Japan, and Taiwan that are geographically proximate but socioeconomically diverse, and each plays a different but significant role in the world’s economy. By deploying a consolidated model incorporating the key components of market drivers underlying the goal of achieving GHG reduction, we threaded through the policy- and market-instruments implemented for each of the case studies over the past 20 years using the model. One commonality is that subsidiary schemes in the form of feed-in tariffs have served as an effective policy tool to boost the growth of renewable energy installations, though the worsening financial burden renders this path unsustainable. Over-reliance on feed-in-tariff schemes may have also impeded the liberation of an energy market pivotal to the success of elevating RE portfolio through trading mechanisms. What followed were the implementations of renewable energy certificate (REC) systems that have experienced various roadblocks leading to failures of the certificate market. By understanding the paths engaged in each of the cases, a conceptualized strategy depicted by the consolidated model is proposed to show the links between a renewable market and a carbon market. The framework would expedite the trading of RECs and carbon credits to accelerate the attainment of GHG emission reduction goals.

The Minimum Legal Drinking Age and Crime Victimization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Chalfin ◽  
Benjamin Hansen ◽  
Rachel Ryley
Keyword(s):  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Drinking Age ◽  
Minimum Legal Drinking Age
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