scholarly journals Disruptions of frontoparietal control network and default mode network linking the metacognitive deficits with clinical symptoms in schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1445-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Jia ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Yinmei Ni ◽  
Jie Su ◽  
Rui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Frontoparietal Control Network

Altered brain structural and functional connectivity in schizotypy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yong-ming Wang ◽  
Xin-lu Cai ◽  
Rui-ting Zhang ◽  
Yi-jing Zhang ◽  
Han-yu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Task Control ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Functional Connectivity Strength

Abstract Background Schizotypy refers to schizophrenia-like traits below the clinical threshold in the general population. The pathological development of schizophrenia has been postulated to evolve from the initial coexistence of ‘brain disconnection’ and ‘brain connectivity compensation’ to ‘brain connectivity decompensation’. Methods In this study, we examined the brain connectivity changes associated with schizotypy by combining brain white matter structural connectivity, static and dynamic functional connectivity analysis of diffusion tensor imaging data and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. A total of 87 participants with a high level of schizotypal traits and 122 control participants completed the experiment. Group differences in whole-brain white matter structural connectivity probability, static mean functional connectivity strength, dynamic functional connectivity variability and stability among 264 brain sub-regions of interests were investigated. Results We found that individuals with high schizotypy exhibited increased structural connectivity probability within the task control network and within the default mode network; increased variability and decreased stability of functional connectivity within the default mode network and between the auditory network and the subcortical network; and decreased static mean functional connectivity strength mainly associated with the sensorimotor network, the default mode network and the task control network. Conclusions These findings highlight the specific changes in brain connectivity associated with schizotypy and indicate that both decompensatory and compensatory changes in structural connectivity within the default mode network and the task control network in the context of whole-brain functional disconnection may be an important neurobiological correlate in individuals with high schizotypy.

scholarly journals Default mode network connectivity in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ming Khoo ◽  
Haruhiko Kishima ◽  
Naoki Tani ◽  
Satoru Oshino ◽  
Tomoyuki Maruo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Urinary Continence ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode

OBJECT Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neurological disorder characterized by gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and incontinence. It is unclear whether the pathophysiology of iNPH is associated with alterations in the default mode network (DMN). The authors investigated alterations in the DMN of patients with iNPH and sought to determine whether a relationship exists between the resting-state functional connectivity of the DMN and a patient’s clinical symptoms. METHODS Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) was performed in 16 preoperative patients with iNPH and 15 neurologically healthy control subjects of a similar age. Independent component and dual-regression analyses were used to quantify DMN connectivity. The patients’ clinical symptoms were rated according to the iNPH grading scale (iNPHGS). Each of their specific clinical symptoms were rated according to the cognitive, gait, and urinary continence domains of iNPHGS, and neurocognitive status was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Trail Making Test Part A. The strength of DMN connectivity was compared between patients and controls, and the correlation between DMN connectivity and iNPHGS was examined using both region of interest (ROI)-based analysis and voxel-based analysis. The correlation between DMN connectivity and each of the specific clinical symptoms, as well as neurocognitive status, was examined using voxel-based analysis. RESULTS Both ROI-based and voxel-based analyses revealed reduced DMN connectivity in patients with iNPH. ROI-based analysis showed increased DMN connectivity with worsening clinical symptoms of iNPH. Consistently, voxel-based analyses revealed that DMN connectivity correlated positively with the iNPHGS score, as well as the cognitive and urinary continence domain scores, and negatively with the FAB score. The significant peak in correlation in each case was localized to the precuneus. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to establish alterations in the DMN of patients with iNPH. DMN connectivity may be a useful indicator of the severity of clinical symptoms in patients with iNPH.

scholarly journals Functional connectivity in the cognitive control network and the default mode network in late-life depression

2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Alexopoulos ◽  
Matthew J. Hoptman ◽  
Dora Kanellopoulos ◽  
Christopher F. Murphy ◽  
Kelvin O. Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Cognitive Control Network

Functional disconnection between subsystems of the default mode network in schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fengmei Fan ◽  
Shuping Tan ◽  
Junchao Huang ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Hongzhen Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Illness Duration ◽  
The Core ◽  
Connectivity Strength

Abstract Background A dysfunctional default mode network (DMN) has been reported in patients with schizophrenia. However, the stability of the deficits has not been determined across different stages of the disorder. Methods We examined the functional connectivity of the DMN subsystems of 125 patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) or recurrent schizophrenia (RES), compared to that of 82 healthy controls. We tested the robustness of the findings in an independent cohort of 158 patients and 39 healthy controls. We performed resting-state functional connectivity analysis, and examined the strength of the connections within and between the three subsystems of the DMN (core, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex [dMPFC], and medial temporal lobe [MTL]). We also analyzed the connectivity correlations to symptoms and illness duration. Results We found reduced connectivity strength between the core and MTL subsystems in schizophrenia patients compared to controls, with no differences between the FES and RES patient groups; these findings were validated in the second sample. Schizophrenia patients also showed a significant reduction in connectivity within the MTL and between the dMPFC−MTL subsystems, similarly between FES and RES groups. The connectivity strength within the core subsystem was negatively correlated with clinical symptoms in schizophrenia. There was no significant correlation between the DMN subsystem connectivity and illness duration. Conclusions DMN subsystem connectivity deficits are present in schizophrenia, and the homochronicity of their appearance indicates the trait-like nature of these alterations. The DMN deficit may be useful for early diagnosis, and MTL dysfunction may be a crucial mechanism underlying schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Neuronal Network Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xin Huang ◽  
Yan Tong ◽  
Chen-Xing Qi ◽  
Han-Dong Dan ◽  
Qin-Qin Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Default Mode

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients are at an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. There is accumulating evidence that specific functional and structural architecture changes in the brain are related to cognitive impairment in DR patients. However, little is known regarding whether the functional architecture of resting-state networks (RSNs) changes in DR patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intranetwork functional connectivity (FC) and functional network connectivity (FNC) of RSN changes in DR patients using independent component analysis (ICA). Thirty-four DR patients (18 men and 16 women; mean age, 53.53±8.67 years) and 38 nondiabetic healthy controls (HCs) (15 men and 23 women; mean age, 48.63±11.83 years), closely matched for age, sex, and education, underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging scans. ICA was applied to extract the nine RSNs. Then, two-sample t-tests were conducted to investigate different intranetwork FCs within nine RSNs between the two groups. The FNC toolbox was used to assess interactions among RSNs. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between intranetwork FCs and clinical variables in the DR group. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was conducted to assess the ability of the intranetwork FCs of RSNs in discriminating between the two groups. Compared to the HC group, DR patients showed significant decreased intranetwork FCs within the basal ganglia network (BGN), visual network (VN), ventral default mode network (vDMN), right executive control network (rECN), salience network (SN), left executive control network (lECN), auditory network (AN), and dorsal default mode network (dDMN). In addition, FNC analysis showed increased VN-BGN, VN-vDMN, VN-dDMN, vDMN-lECN, SN-BGN, lECN-dDMN, and AN-BGN FNCs in the DR group, relative to the HC group. Furthermore, altered intranetwork FCs of RSNs were significantly correlated with the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level in DR patients. A ROC curve showed that these specific intranetwork FCs of RSNs discriminated between the two groups with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Our study highlighted that DR patients had widespread deficits in both low-level perceptual and higher-order cognitive networks. Our results offer important insights into the neural mechanisms of visual loss and cognitive decline in DR patients.

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