A H2/O2Fuel Cell for In situ μ-Raman Measurements. In-depth Characterization of an Ionic Liquid Filled Nafion Membrane

Fuel Cells ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martinelli ◽  
C. Iojoiu ◽  
N. Sergent
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Nafion Membrane

scholarly journals In-Situ XPS Monitoring and Characterization of Electrochemically Prepared Au Nanoparticles in an Ionic Liquid

ACS Omega ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 478-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve T. Camci ◽  
Burak Ulgut ◽  
Coskun Kocabas ◽  
Sefik Suzer
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
In Situ Xps

Polyaniline-Attapulgite Composites Based on Ionic Liquid: Preparation and Characterization

2013 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xia Feng ◽  
Jiao Chen ◽  
Lin Tan ◽  
Jian Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Imidazolium Chloride ◽  
In Situ Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Chemical Oxidation Polymerization ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Liquid Preparation

Using 1-methyl-3-alkylcarboxylic acid imidazolium chloride ([CMMICl) ionic liquid (IL) as synthetic environment, CMMIm-PANI and CMMIm-PANI@ATP composites were successfully prepared via in situ chemical oxidation polymerization. The chemical characterization of the material before and after ATP adding was performed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology of the coatings was observed employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results are further indicated that PANI which coated on the surface of rodlike crystal ATP helped the formation of conductive path among ATP crystals which overlapped each other. The four probe conductivity apparatus was used to analyze the electronic properties of the composites. The conductivity of CMMIm-PANI@ATP and CMMIm-PANI are 10 S/cm and 1.8 S/cm respectively, which clearly showed that the introduction of ATP in composite makes the conductivity increased largely. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis shows that the thermal stability of CMMIm-PANI/ATP composites was enhanced and these can be attributed to the effect of coated ATP as barriers for the degradation of PANI.

scholarly journals IR and electrochemical synthesis and characterization of thin films of PEDOT grown on platinum single crystal electrodes in [EMMIM]Tf2N ionic liquid

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea P Sandoval ◽  
Marco F Suárez-Herrera ◽  
Juan M Feliu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
In Situ Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Platinum Single Crystal

Thin films of PEDOT synthesized on platinum single electrodes in contact with the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium triflimide ([EMMIM]Tf2N) were studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the polymer grows faster on Pt(111) than on Pt(110) or Pt(100) and that the redox reactions associated with the PEDOT p-doping process are much more reversible in [EMMIM]Tf2N than in acetonitrile. Finally, the ion exchange and charge carriers’ formation during the p-doping reaction of PEDOT were studied using in situ FTIR spectroscopy.

Dissolution and acetylation of ball-milled birch (Betula platyphylla) and bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra) in the ionic liquid [Bmim]Cl for HSQC NMR analysis

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Qu ◽  
Takao Kishimoto ◽  
Shinjiro Ogita ◽  
Masahiro Hamada ◽  
Noriyuki Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Phyllostachys Nigra ◽  
Wall Components

Abstract A method for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterization of whole cell wall components, including lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, was recently developed in our laboratory. The method described for fir (Abies sachalinensis) as a softwood consists of ball-milling of cell wall, dissolution in an ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl), in situ acetylation, recovery of the material from the solution, and characterization of the product by 1H-13C correlation heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-d6. In the present paper, the performance of the method should be tested for a hardwood and a bamboo. Thus, Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla) and hachiku bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra) have been investigated. Finely ball-milled birch and bamboo materials were completely dissolved in [Bmim]Cl at 100°C without severe chemical modification of the cell wall components. The dissolved cell walls were then subjected to in situ acetylation, and the ball-milled and fully acetylated cell walls were recovered from [Bmim]Cl. Longer ball-milling time was required for birch and bamboo cell walls, because of the lower solubility of acetylated birch and bamboo materials in DMSO-d6compared to the acetylated fir material. However, HSQC NMR experiments were successfully conducted, and the acetylated whole cell wall components in the birch and bamboo could be fully characterized. This method is applicable for the analysis of cell wall components of various plant biomasses without previous isolation. Further studies are necessary to improve the method.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

A very rapid in situ Kikuchi technique to determine relative crystal misorientation

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 830-831
Author(s):  
J. I. Bennetch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kikuchi Pattern ◽  
Kikuchi Line ◽  
Line Analysis

In a recent study of the superplastic forming (SPF) behavior of certain Al-Li-X alloys, the relative misorientation between adjacent (sub)grains proved to be an important parameter. It is well established that the most accurate way to determine misorientation across boundaries is by Kikuchi line analysis. However, the SPF study required the characterization of a large number of (sub)grains in each sample to be statistically meaningful, a very time-consuming task even for comparatively rapid Kikuchi analytical techniques.In order to circumvent this problem, an alternate, even more rapid in-situ Kikuchi technique was devised, eliminating the need for the developing of negatives and any subsequent measurements on photographic plates. All that is required is a double tilt low backlash goniometer capable of tilting ± 45° in one axis and ± 30° in the other axis. The procedure is as follows. While viewing the microscope screen, one merely tilts the specimen until a standard recognizable reference Kikuchi pattern is centered, making sure, at the same time, that the focused electron beam remains on the (sub)grain in question.

Coherent electron nanodiffraction from clean silver nano particles in a UHV STEM

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1058-1059
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
M. Pan ◽  
G. E. Spinnler
Keyword(s):  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Shape Structure ◽  
Dynamical Simulations ◽  
Small Metal Particles ◽  
Extract Information

Small metal particles have peculiar chemical and physical properties as compared to bulk materials. They are especially important in catalysis since metal particles are common constituents of supported catalysts. The structural characterization of small particles is of primary importance for the understanding of structure-catalytic activity relationships. The shape and size of metal particles larger than approximately 5 nm in diameter can be determined by several imaging techniques. It is difficult, however, to deduce the shape of smaller metal particles. Coherent electron nanodiffraction (CEND) patterns from nano particles contain information about the particle size, shape, structure and defects etc. As part of an on-going program of STEM characterization of supported catalysts we report some preliminary results of CEND study of Ag nano particles, deposited in situ in a UHV STEM instrument, and compare the experimental results with full dynamical simulations in order to extract information about the shape of Ag nano particles.

Characterization of the glycoconjugates of boar testis and epididymis

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Calvo ◽  
LM Pastor ◽  
S Bonet ◽  
E Pinart ◽  
M Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Lectin Histochemistry ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
In Situ Characterization ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Terminal Galactose ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa

Lectin histochemistry was used to perform in situ characterization of the glycoconjugates present in boar testis and epididymis. Thirteen horseradish peroxidase- or digoxigenin-labelled lectins were used in samples obtained from healthy fertile boars. The acrosomes of the spermatids were stained intensely by lectins with affinity for galactose and N-acetyl-galactosamine residues, these being soybean, peanut and Ricinus communis agglutinins. Sertoli cells were stained selectively by Maackia ammurensis agglutinin. The lamina propria of seminiferous tubules showed the most intense staining with fucose-binding lectins. The Golgi area and the apical part of the principal cells of the epididymis were stained intensely with many lectins and their distribution was similar in the three zones of the epididymis. On the basis of lectin affinity, both testis and epididymis appear to have N- and O-linked glycoconjugates. Spermatozoa from different epididymal regions showed different expression of terminal galactose and N-acetyl-galactosamine. Sialic acid (specifically alpha2,3 neuraminic-5 acid) was probably incorporated into spermatozoa along the extratesticular ducts. These findings indicate that the development and maturation of boar spermatozoa are accompanied by changes in glycoconjugates. As some lectins stain cellular or extracellular compartments specifically, these lectins could be useful markers in histopathological evaluation of diseases of boar testis and epididymis.

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