Survey of receiving-water environmental impacts associated with discharges from pulp mills: 1. Mill characteristics, receiving-water chemical profiles and lab toxicity tests

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1075-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Robinson ◽  
John H. Carey ◽  
Keith R. Solomon ◽  
Ian R. Smith ◽  
Mark R. Servos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Receiving Water

DISPERSION CHARACTERISTICS AND ASSOCIATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE UNLIKELY EVENT OF AN ORIMULSION® SPILL

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 1217-1221
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Villoria C. ◽  
Pánfilo A. Masciangioli C.
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Concentration Curve ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Natural Bitumen ◽  
Dispersion Characteristics ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Worst Case Scenario

ABSTRACT Orimulsion® is a natural bitumen in water emulsion (70% bitumen, 30% water), that is stabilized by a surfactant (less than 0.2%). Orimulsion® is a relatively new fuel that is currently used in several electric-generating stations worldwide. Acceptance and use of the fuel are expected to increase in the very near future. An important consideration in using Orimulsion® as a fuel is the environmental risk associated with the unlikely event of a spill during transportation and trans loading. This paper shows the dispersion characteristics and the possible environmental impacts of Orimulsion® when this is eventually spilled at sea based on theoretical considerations, laboratory studies, open-sea spill tests, and analytical and numerical modeling.® The results indicate that in the unlikely event of an Orimulsion® spill, it will pose a very low risk of affectation to the biological species that may be in contact with the product. Because of the emulsified characteristics of the product, the dispersion of the bitumen droplets and the dilution of the surfactant will be relatively fast, reaching very low concentrations in the water column in a matter of hours. The SIMAP model was used to simulate an instantaneous spill of 22,000 barrels of Orimulsion® in a general place without currents and very low turbulence level to evaluate the development of the bitumen droplets cloud. The purpose is to follow the maximum bitumen concentration in order to be compared with the results of different toxicity tests reported in the literature, which represents the worst case scenario for organisms' impact. The results show that all the toxicity values remain relatively far above the maximum bitumen concentration curve. Therefore, if for the worst case scenario the possible environmental impacts of a 22,000-barrel Orimulsion® spills are very low, for normal sea conditions and a smaller spill size, it is expected that the maximum concentration curve will separate even more from the LC50 values, which imply a much lower impact on the marine organisms.

Toxicity evaluation of herbal pharmaceutical wastewater to the freshwater crustacean Cypris spp.

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1441-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Sitre ◽  
S. Satyanarayan
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Complex Type ◽  
Freshwater Crustacean ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Receiving Water

In India a large number of pharmaceutical industries are manufacturing drugs of complex type subsequently producing huge quantities of wastewaters. The herbal pharmaceutical industries are one of them which manufacture various herbal medicines from natural products and certain chemicals and metal combinations. During their manufacturing process a large number of toxicants enter the watercourse harming the biota of the receiving water bodies. Zooplankton organisms being at the base of the food chain if affected, will subsequently affect the fisheries potential at large, harming the interest of man. Keeping this point in view a herbal pharmaceutical manufacturing industry based at Nagpur was selected for investigation with respect to assessing its toxic effect on the freshwater crustacean Cypris spp. during short duration toxicity tests. This research paper discusses in detail the bioassay evaluation of raw, neutralized and physico-chemically treated herbal pharmaceutical effluent for arriving at a concentration safe for the Cypris spp.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document