Group size, group status and trait valence as determinants of intergroup bias: Stereotyping in Finland and Sweden

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karmela Liebkind ◽  
Anna Henning-Lindblom ◽  
Erling Solheim
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Group Status

Group Size, Group Status and Dimensions of Contact as Predictors of Intergroup Attitudes

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karmela Liebkind ◽  
Sonja Nyström ◽  
Eeva Honkanummi ◽  
Anders Lange
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Group Status

scholarly journals Effect of pen size, group size, and stocking density on activity in freestall-housed dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 3064-3069 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Telezhenko ◽  
M.A.G. von Keyserlingk ◽  
A. Talebi ◽  
D.M. Weary
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Size Group

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Intermittent and Continuous Nasogastric Enteral Feeding Methods in Adult Inpatients: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Bojun Zheng ◽  
Yi Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Feeding Methods

Diarrhea and pneumonia are common and serious complications in hospitalized patients requiring nasogastric enteral feeding. Our study aimed to compare the risk of diarrhea and pneumonia between intermittent nasogastric enteral feeding (IEF) and continuous nasogastric enteral feeding (CEF). We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane for relevant articles published from August 9, 1992, to September 1, 2019. A total of 637 IEF and CEF patients were included in our meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the effects of diarrhea and pneumonia. We showed that hospital patients that required IEF had an increased risk of diarrhea compared with CEF. In the subgroup analyses, similar conclusions were identified in the non-China group and small sample size group (size < 100). However, our results showed no significant differences in the China group or large sample size group (size ≥ 100). Furthermore, our analysis showed that no significant association was observed for the risk of pneumonia between IEF and CEF patients. For inpatients requiring nasogastric enteral feeding, CEF is a better method of enteral nutrition compared with IEF, of which patients experience a significantly increased risk of diarrhea.

Ingroup Love and Outgroup Hate

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Moscatelli ◽  
Monica Rubini
Keyword(s):  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Intergroup Communication ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Linguistic Abstraction ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Linguistic Level ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
High Degree

In everyday life, we are faced with disparate examples of intergroup bias, ranging from a mild tendency to ingroup favoritism to harsh episodes of discrimination, aggression, and even conflicts between groups. Where do they stem from? The origins of intergroup bias can be traced back to two main motivations, that is, attachment to one’s own group (“ingroup love”) and negative feelings toward outgroups (“outgroup hate”). Although lay people, but also some researchers, see the two motivations as intertwined, growing evidence from different fields (e.g., social psychology, evolutionary psychology, and neuroscience) has indicated that intergroup bias is more often driven by needs of ingroup protection and affiliation, which do not imply outgroup hostility or competitive attitudes. Outgroup hate is instead likely to arise in intergroup contexts characterized by a high degree of enmity. It is important that members of the groups involved, but also external observers, recognize ingroup love as the primary motor of intergroup conflict: the attribution of hate to the outgroup’s behavior renders negotiation and conflict resolution harder while at the same time justifying severe aggression or even annihilation of the opposing outgroup. In the domain of intergroup communication, an intriguing way through which group members express their ingroup love and outgroup hate is represented by variations of linguistic abstraction and valence in depicting behaviors performed by ingroup or outgroup members. This unintended use of language reveals that group members are more prone to express ingroup love also at a linguistic level. However, specific changes in intergroup relations along variables such as group size, group status, or relative deprivation can give rise to linguistic patterns of outgroup hate.

scholarly journals Natal territory size, group size, and body mass affect lifetime fitness in the cooperatively breeding Florida Scrub-Jay

The Auk ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Mumme ◽  
Reed Bowman ◽  
M. Shane Pruett ◽  
John W. Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Florida Scrub ◽  
Lifetime Fitness ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document