scholarly journals Effect of pen size, group size, and stocking density on activity in freestall-housed dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 3064-3069 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Telezhenko ◽  
M.A.G. von Keyserlingk ◽  
A. Talebi ◽  
D.M. Weary
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Size Group

scholarly journals CD49f+ mammary epithelial cells decrease in milk from dairy cows stressed by overstocking during the dry period

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Baratta ◽  
Silvia Miretti ◽  
Paolo Accornero ◽  
Giovanna Galeati ◽  
Andrea Formigoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Cytokeratin 18 ◽  
Cell Subpopulations

The work reported in this Research Communication describes the modification in epithelial cell populations during the first and the last month of milking in Holstein Friesian cows that have undergone different management during the dry period, and we report the differential expression of CD49f+ and cytokeratin18+ cell subpopulations. Twenty six cows were randomly divided into 2 balanced groups that were housed at stocking density of either 11 m2 (CTR) or 5 m2 from 21 ± 3 d before the expected calving until calving. Cells collected from milk samples taken in early lactation and late lactation were directly analysed for CD45, CD49f, cytokeratin 14, cytokeratin 18 and cell viability. We observed a differential expression with a significant reduction in CD49f+ (P < 0·01) and cytokeratin 18+ (P < 0·05) cells in early lactation. Differences were still evident in late lactation but were not significant. These observations suggest that mammary epithelial cell immunophenotypes could be associated with different animal management in the dry period and we hypothesise they may have a role as biomarkers for mammary gland function in dairy cows.

Group size, group status and trait valence as determinants of intergroup bias: Stereotyping in Finland and Sweden

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karmela Liebkind ◽  
Anna Henning-Lindblom ◽  
Erling Solheim
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Group Status

scholarly journals Effects of prepartum stocking density and a blind on physiological biomarkers, health, and hygiene of transition Holstein dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 886-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Creutzinger ◽  
H.M. Dann ◽  
L.E. Moraes ◽  
P.D. Krawczel ◽  
K.L. Proudfoot
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Intermittent and Continuous Nasogastric Enteral Feeding Methods in Adult Inpatients: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Bojun Zheng ◽  
Yi Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Feeding Methods

Diarrhea and pneumonia are common and serious complications in hospitalized patients requiring nasogastric enteral feeding. Our study aimed to compare the risk of diarrhea and pneumonia between intermittent nasogastric enteral feeding (IEF) and continuous nasogastric enteral feeding (CEF). We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane for relevant articles published from August 9, 1992, to September 1, 2019. A total of 637 IEF and CEF patients were included in our meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the effects of diarrhea and pneumonia. We showed that hospital patients that required IEF had an increased risk of diarrhea compared with CEF. In the subgroup analyses, similar conclusions were identified in the non-China group and small sample size group (size < 100). However, our results showed no significant differences in the China group or large sample size group (size ≥ 100). Furthermore, our analysis showed that no significant association was observed for the risk of pneumonia between IEF and CEF patients. For inpatients requiring nasogastric enteral feeding, CEF is a better method of enteral nutrition compared with IEF, of which patients experience a significantly increased risk of diarrhea.

scholarly journals Natal territory size, group size, and body mass affect lifetime fitness in the cooperatively breeding Florida Scrub-Jay

The Auk ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Mumme ◽  
Reed Bowman ◽  
M. Shane Pruett ◽  
John W. Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Florida Scrub ◽  
Lifetime Fitness ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding
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