Intergroup Discrimination in Positive and Negative Outcome Allocations: Impact of Stimulus Valence, Relative Group Status, and Relative Group Size

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Otten ◽  
Amelie Mummendey ◽  
Mathias Blanz
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Stimulus Valence ◽  
Negative Outcome

Group size, group status and trait valence as determinants of intergroup bias: Stereotyping in Finland and Sweden

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karmela Liebkind ◽  
Anna Henning-Lindblom ◽  
Erling Solheim
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Group Status

Group status, group size and attitude polarization

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan Van Knippenberg ◽  
Nanne De Vries ◽  
Ad Van Knippenberg
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Status Group ◽  
Attitude Polarization

Group Size, Group Status and Dimensions of Contact as Predictors of Intergroup Attitudes

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karmela Liebkind ◽  
Sonja Nyström ◽  
Eeva Honkanummi ◽  
Anders Lange
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Group Status

In-Group Identification as a Function of Depersonalization, Distinctiveness, and Status

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilynn B. Brewer ◽  
Jorge M. Manzi ◽  
John S. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Category Assignment ◽  
Social Trait

Artificial social categories were created in a laboratory context in order to test predictions regarding the relative importance of group size and status as determinants of in-group favoritism. Subjects were assigned to categories of “overestimator” or “under estimator” and were told that one category included a majority of college students while the other represented a minority. Prior to category assignment, half of the subjects had been given confidentiality instructions designed to make them feel highly depersonalized. Based on feedback about test performance, status differentials between the two estimation categories were introduced. Consistent with predictions, there was a three-way interaction between depersonalization, in-group size, and in-group status as determinants of evaluative in-group bias on social trait ratings. Under control conditions (no depersonalization), group status and majority size both contributed to positive valuations of the in-group. Under the depersonalization condition, however, subjects valued minority group membership more than majority categorization, and the effect of status was eliminated.

Lexical Comprehension in Young Children With Developmental Delays

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa A. Kouri
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Developmental Delays ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Lexical Concepts

Lexical comprehension skills were examined in 20 young children (aged 28–45 months) with developmental delays (DD) and 20 children (aged 19–34 months) with normal development (ND). Each was assigned to either a story-like script condition or a simple ostensive labeling condition in which the names of three novel object and action items were presented over two experimental sessions. During the experimental sessions, receptive knowledge of the lexical items was assessed through a series of target and generalization probes. Results indicated that all children, irrespective of group status, acquired more lexical concepts in the ostensive labeling condition than in the story narrative condition. Overall, both groups acquired more object than action words, although subjects with ND comprehended more action words than subjects with DD. More target than generalization items were also comprehended by both groups. It is concluded that young children’s comprehension of new lexical concepts is facilitated more by a context in which simple ostensive labels accompany the presentation of specific objects and actions than one in which objects and actions are surrounded by thematic and event-related information. Various clinical applications focusing on the lexical training of young children with DD are discussed.

An ecological basis for large group size in Colobus angolensis in the Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Fimbel ◽  
Amy Vedder ◽  
Ellen Dierenfeld ◽  
Felix Mulindahabi
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Colobus Angolensis ◽  
Ecological Basis

The Influence of Emotionally Relevant Context on the Evoked Cardiac Response Triggered by an Irrelevant Stimulus

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kuniecki ◽  
Robert Barry ◽  
Jan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Irrelevant Stimulus ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Mental Task ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Cardiac Deceleration ◽  
Relevant Context ◽  
Stimulus Valence ◽  
Affective Stimulus

Abstract The effect of stimulus valence was examined in the evoked cardiac response (ECR) elicited by the exposition of neutral and negative slides as well as by an innocuous auditory stimulus presented on the affective foregrounds generated by the slides. The exposition of the aversive slide produced prolonged cardiac deceleration in comparison with the neutral slide. Similar prolonged deceleration accompanied exposition of the neutral auditory stimulus on the negative visual foreground in comparison with the neutral foreground. We interpret these results as an autonomic correlate of extended stimulus processing associated with the affective stimulus. The initial deceleration response, covering two or three slower heart beats, may be prolonged for several seconds before HR reaches the baseline level again. In such a case the evoked cardiac deceleration can be functionally divided into two parts: the reflexive bradycardia (ECR1) elicited by neutral stimuli and a late decelerative component (LDC). We can speculate that the latter is associated with an additional voluntary continuation of processing of the stimulus. This must involve some cognitive aspect different from the mental task performance which leads to the accelerative ECR2, and we suggest that processing of a stimulus with negative valence is involved in generating the LDC.

The Effects of Status on Perceived Warmth and Competence

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
Simona Sacchi ◽  
Federica Castellini ◽  
Paola Riva
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Group Status ◽  
The Relationship

Research has shown that perceived group status positively predicts competence stereotypes but does not positively predict warmth stereotypes. The present study identified circumstances in which group status positively predicts both warmth and competence judgments. Students (N = 86) rated one of two groups (psychologists vs. engineers) presented as either being low or high in social status on warmth and competence. Results showed that status positively predicted competence stereotypes for both groups, but warmth stereotypes only for psychologists, for whom warmth traits are perceived to be functional in goal achievement. Moreover, for psychologists perceived warmth mediated the relationship between status and perceived competence. Results are discussed in terms of the contextual malleability of the relationship between perceived status, warmth, and competence.

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