scholarly journals Temporal and structural genetic variation in reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus ) associated with the pastoral transition in Northwestern Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 9060-9072
Author(s):  
Knut H. Røed ◽  
Kjersti S. Kvie ◽  
Robert J. Losey ◽  
Pavel A. Kosintsev ◽  
Anne K. Hufthammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Pastoral Transition

Comparison of the genetic variation in Svalbard and Norwegian reindeer

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2038-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Røed
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Recent Time ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Average Heterozygosity ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Svalbard Reindeer ◽  
Long Time

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to score for genetic variation in 35 loci in Svalbard reindeer, Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus, and in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus tarandus, from two localities in northern Norway. In R. t. platyrhynchus the proportion of polymorphic loci was 0.114 and the average heterozygosite was 0.030. In R. t. tarandus the proportion of polymorphic loci was 0.171–0.286 and the average heterozygosity was 0.043–0.045. Excluding the variability in the locus coding for transferrin from calculations reduced the average heterozygosity to 0.020 in R. t. platyrhynchus and to 0.021–0.025 in R. t. tarandus, suggesting that the amount of genetic variation in R. t. platyrhynchus is not very different from that in R. t. tarandus. Unique alleles in the loci coding for transferrin and acid phosphatase for the two subspecies indicate that there has been no interbreeding in recent time. The genetic distance between the two subspecies is within the same range as between subspecies of other organisms. Evolutionary divergence time based on the protein data indicates that either the divergence between these subspecies was initiated a very long time ago or R. t. platyrhynchus originates from other subspecies of reindeer.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity, structure and gene flow of migratory barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) in Canada

Rangifer ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keri McFarlane ◽  
Anne Gunn ◽  
Mitch Campbell ◽  
Mathieu Dumond ◽  
Jan Adamczewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Barren Ground ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Groenlandicus

Migratory barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) provide an opportunity to examine the genetic population structure of a migratory large mammal whose movements and distribution, in some instances, have not been heavily influenced by human activities that result in habitat loss or fragmentation. These caribou have likely reached large effective population sizes since their rapid radiation during the early Holocene despite cyclic changes in abundance. Migratory barren-ground caribou are managed as discrete subpopulations. We investigated genetic variation among those subpopulations to determine the patterns of genetic diversity within and among them, and the implications for long-term persistence of caribou. We identified three distinct genetic clusters across the Canadian arctic tundra: the first cluster consisted of all fully-continental migratory barren-ground subpopulations; the second cluster was the Dolphin and Union caribou; and the third cluster was caribou from Southampton Island. The Southampton Island caribou are especially genetically distinct from the other barren-ground type caribou. Gene flow among subpopulations varied across the range. Occasional gene flow across the sea-ice is likely the reason for high levels of genetic variation in the Dolphin and Union subpopulation, which experienced very low numbers in the past. These results suggest that for most migratory caribou subpopulations, connectivity among subpopulations plays an important role in maintaining natural genetic diversity. Our analyses provide insight into the levels of microsatellite genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow that may be common to large subpopulations that historically had a continuous distribution across a large continental range. These data can also be used as a benchmark to compare the effects of habitat fragmentation and bottlenecks on other large caribou populations.

scholarly journals Habituation responses in wild reindeer exposed to recreational activities

Rangifer ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eigil Reimers ◽  
Knut H. Røed ◽  
Øystein Flaget ◽  
Eivind Lurås
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Genetic Ancestry ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Wild Reindeer ◽  
Flight Initiation ◽  
Microsatellite Analyses

Displacement is the effect most often predicted when recreational activities in wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) areas are discussed. Wild reindeer in Blefjell (225 km2) are exposed to humans more frequently than in Hardangervidda (8200 km2), from which the Blefjell herd originate. We recorded fright and flight response distances of groups of reindeer in both herds to a person directly approaching them on foot or skis during winter, summer, and autumn post-hunting and rutting season in 2004-2006. The response distances sight, alert, flight initiation and escape were shorter in Blefjell than in Hardangervidda while the probability of assessing the observer before flight tended to be greater in Blefjell. To test whether these results could be due to habituation or genetic influence of semi-domestic reindeer previously released in the Blefjell region, we compared the genetic variation of the Blefjell reindeer with previously reported variation in semi-domestic reindeer and in the wild reindeer from Hardangervidda. Microsatellite analyses revealed closer genetic ancestry of the Blefjell reindeer to the wild Hardangervidda reindeer and not to the semi-domestic reindeer at both the herd and the individual level. We conclude that the decreased flight responses in Blefjell reindeer appear to be a habituation response to frequent human encounters rather than traits inherited from a semi-domestic origin.

scholarly journals Genetic variation in Finnish wild and semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)

Rangifer ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauri Nieminen ◽  
Virve Ojutkangas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus

scholarly journals Transferrin variation and evolution of Canadian barren-ground caribou

Rangifer ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut H. Røed ◽  
D. C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
Allele Frequency Distribution ◽  
Frequency Pattern ◽  
Barren Ground ◽  
Svalbard Reindeer

Blood samples were obtained from 95 barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) of the Beverly herd in Northwest Territories, Canada. Polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis was used to score for genetic variation in the locus coding for transferrin. The pattern of allele frequency distribution are compared with previously reported values of Eurasian tundra reindeer (R.t. tarandus), Alaska caribou (R.t. granti), Peary caribou (R.t. pearyi), and Svalbard reindeer (R.t. platyrhynchus). In the Beverly herd a total of 21 different transferrin alleles were detected. The amount of genetic variation was higher in the Canadian barren-ground caribou than what has been detected in other subspecies of reindeer/caribou. Highly gene-tical differences in the allele frequencies were detected between the Canadian barren-ground caribou and the other subspecies. The genetic identity analyses indicates approximately the same amount of genetic differentiation when the Canadian barren-ground caribou are compared with Alaska caribou as with the Peary caribou. The allele frequency pattern could be explained by a possible origin of the Canadian barren-ground caribou from an ancestral population which was genetical influenced by animals surviving the We-ichselian glaciation in refugia both in high Arctic, in Beringia, and south of the ice sheet.

Genetic variation in caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus )

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Cronin ◽  
J. C. Patton ◽  
N. Balmysheva ◽  
M. D. MacNeil
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus

scholarly journals Genetic survey of caribou populations using microsatellite DNA

Rangifer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E.E. Kushny ◽  
John W. Coffin ◽  
Curtis Strobeck
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Eukaryotic Dna ◽  
Genetic Survey ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Groenlandicus

Microsatellite loci are highly variable regions of eukaryotic DNA that consist of tandemly repeated sequences of one to six nucleotides in length. The use of microsatellites and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are powerful tools for quantifying genetic variation within and among individual populations. Recently, we have developed primers for caribou that amplify 4 microsatellite loci. These microsatellite loci were used to survey the genetic variation in populations of Barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus), Peary caribou (R.t. pearyi) and Woodland caribou (R.t. caribou) of Canada. The four loci examined were all polymorphic, revealing high levels of heterozygosity (> 0.74) in all of the study populations.

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