scholarly journals Genetic survey of caribou populations using microsatellite DNA

Rangifer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E.E. Kushny ◽  
John W. Coffin ◽  
Curtis Strobeck
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Eukaryotic Dna ◽  
Genetic Survey ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Groenlandicus

Microsatellite loci are highly variable regions of eukaryotic DNA that consist of tandemly repeated sequences of one to six nucleotides in length. The use of microsatellites and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are powerful tools for quantifying genetic variation within and among individual populations. Recently, we have developed primers for caribou that amplify 4 microsatellite loci. These microsatellite loci were used to survey the genetic variation in populations of Barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus), Peary caribou (R.t. pearyi) and Woodland caribou (R.t. caribou) of Canada. The four loci examined were all polymorphic, revealing high levels of heterozygosity (> 0.74) in all of the study populations.

scholarly journals Psittacine beak and feather disease virus in budgerigars and ring-neck parakeets in South Africa

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Albertyn ◽  
K.M. Tajbhai ◽  
R.R. Bragg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Feather Disease Virus ◽  
Viral Isolates

Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is a common disease of the psittacine species and is caused by the psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV). In this study the occurrence of the disease in ring-neck parakeets and budgerigars in South Africa suffering from feathering problems, using polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic test was investigated. The genetic variation between viral isolates was also studied. Results indicate that PBFDV can be attributed to being the cause of feathering problems in some of the ring-neck parakeets and budgerigars in South Africa. Genetic variation of isolates occurs between species and individuals. A cheap and easy to use method of blood sample collection on filter paper for diagnostic purposes was also evaluated. It proved to be less stressful to the birds and did not inhibit further processes.

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism determined by restriction enzyme analysis of DNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction: convenient alternative to phenotyping by isoelectric focusing

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2087-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kontula ◽  
K Aalto-Setälä ◽  
T Kuusi ◽  
L Hämäläinen ◽  
A C Syvänen
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Variant Form ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Apo E ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Three common alleles determine six apolipoprotein E (apo E) phenotypes that are associated with variations in serum cholesterol in the population. This genetic variation results from single nucleotide alterations at two DNA loci encoding the amino acid residues 112 and 158 of apo E. We compared results of apo E phenotyping carried out by isoelectric focusing with those of apo E genotyping accomplished by direct DNA analysis. In the latter, the target DNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently analyzed by digestion with the restriction enzyme Hha I, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the cleavage products. With one exception, these two techniques yielded similar results from all 40 samples tested. In addition, a rare variant form of apo E (phenotype E1) was analyzed separately and incorrectly diagnosed as E2 by the Hha I digestion method; the anticipated mutation in the codon 127 was, however, confirmed by demonstration of a new Taq I restriction site in this variant gene. These data confirm that the common isoforms of apo E usually arise from genetic variation of the codons 112 and 158 and demonstrate the feasibility of the PCR technique in apo E genotyping.

scholarly journals A revisit to a low-cost method for the isolation of microsatellite markers: the case of the endangered Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Luan Lim ◽  
Nurul Adilah Ismail ◽  
Ramitha Arumugam ◽  
Wei Lun Ng ◽  
Christina Seok Yien Yong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pcr Cloning ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Rapid Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tapirus Indicus

AbstractThere are many approaches to develop microsatellite markers. We revisited an easy and rapid Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-cloning-sequencing method to design microsatellite markers for Tapirus indicus. Using six random amplified microsatellite (RAM) markers, this study had rapidly generated 45 unique genomic sequences containing microsatellites. After screening 15 terminal and seven intermediate microsatellite loci, we shortlisted five and seven which were amplified either by single- or multiplex PCR using the economical three-primer PCR method. Genotyping attempts were made with ten Tapirus indicus individuals using three of the terminal microsatellite loci and all seven intermediate loci. However, none of the terminal microsatellite loci were considered useful for population genotyping studies, while the seven intermediate loci showed good amplification but were monomorphic in the ten samples. Despite successful detection of amplified loci, we would like to highlight that, researchers who are interested in this alternative method for isolation of microsatellite loci to be cautious and be aware of the limitations and downfalls reported herein that could render these loci unsuitable for population genotyping.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity, structure and gene flow of migratory barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) in Canada

Rangifer ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keri McFarlane ◽  
Anne Gunn ◽  
Mitch Campbell ◽  
Mathieu Dumond ◽  
Jan Adamczewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Barren Ground ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Groenlandicus

Migratory barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) provide an opportunity to examine the genetic population structure of a migratory large mammal whose movements and distribution, in some instances, have not been heavily influenced by human activities that result in habitat loss or fragmentation. These caribou have likely reached large effective population sizes since their rapid radiation during the early Holocene despite cyclic changes in abundance. Migratory barren-ground caribou are managed as discrete subpopulations. We investigated genetic variation among those subpopulations to determine the patterns of genetic diversity within and among them, and the implications for long-term persistence of caribou. We identified three distinct genetic clusters across the Canadian arctic tundra: the first cluster consisted of all fully-continental migratory barren-ground subpopulations; the second cluster was the Dolphin and Union caribou; and the third cluster was caribou from Southampton Island. The Southampton Island caribou are especially genetically distinct from the other barren-ground type caribou. Gene flow among subpopulations varied across the range. Occasional gene flow across the sea-ice is likely the reason for high levels of genetic variation in the Dolphin and Union subpopulation, which experienced very low numbers in the past. These results suggest that for most migratory caribou subpopulations, connectivity among subpopulations plays an important role in maintaining natural genetic diversity. Our analyses provide insight into the levels of microsatellite genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow that may be common to large subpopulations that historically had a continuous distribution across a large continental range. These data can also be used as a benchmark to compare the effects of habitat fragmentation and bottlenecks on other large caribou populations.

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