scholarly journals Geographic patterns in morphometric and genetic variation for coyote populations with emphasis on southeastern coyotes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 3389-3404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Hinton ◽  
Elizabeth Heppenheimer ◽  
Kyla M. West ◽  
Danny Caudill ◽  
Melissa L. Karlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Geographic Patterns

scholarly journals Geographic patterns of human allele frequency variation: a variant-centric perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Biddanda ◽  
Daniel P. Rice ◽  
John Novembre
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Human Genetic Variation ◽  
Alternative Representation ◽  
Geographic Patterns

AbstractA key challenge in human genetics is to describe and understand the distribution of human genetic variation. Often genetic variation is described by showing relationships among populations or individuals, in each case drawing inferences over a large number of variants. Here, we present an alternative representation of human genetic variation that reveals the relative abundance of different allele frequency patterns across populations. This approach allows viewers to easily see several features of human genetic structure: (1) most variants are rare and geographically localized, (2) variants that are common in a single geographic region are more likely to be shared across the globe than to be private to that region, and (3) where two individuals differ, it is most often due to variants that are common globally, regardless of whether the individuals are from the same region or different regions. To guide interpretation of the results, we also apply the visualization to contrasting theoretical scenarios with varying levels of divergence and gene flow. Our variant-centric visualization clarifies the major geographic patterns of human variation and can be used to help correct potential misconceptions about the extent and nature of genetic differentiation among populations.

scholarly journals The distinctive geographic patterns of common pigmentation variants at the OCA2 gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth K. Kidd ◽  
Andrew J. Pakstis ◽  
Michael P. Donnelly ◽  
Ozlem Bulbul ◽  
Lotfi Cherni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Oculocutaneous Albinism ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Population Genetic Variation ◽  
Oca2 Gene

Abstract Oculocutaneous Albinism type 2 (OCA2) is a gene of great interest because of genetic variation affecting normal pigmentation variation in humans. The diverse geographic patterns for variant frequencies at OCA2 have been evident but have not been systematically investigated, especially outside of Europe. Here we examine population genetic variation in and near the OCA2 gene from a worldwide perspective. The very different patterns of genetic variation found across world regions suggest strong selection effects may have been at work over time. For example, analyses involving the variants that affect pigmentation of the iris argue that the derived allele of the rs1800407 single nucleotide polymorphism, which produces a hypomorphic protein, may have contributed to the previously demonstrated positive selection in Europe for the enhancer variant responsible for light eye color. More study is needed on the relationships of the genetic variation at OCA2 to variation in pigmentation in areas beyond Europe.

Geographic Patterns of Genetic Variation and Conservation Consequences in Three South American Rodents

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 839-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo B. Miranda ◽  
Jaqueline Andrades-Miranda ◽  
Luiz F. B. Oliveira ◽  
Alfredo Langguth ◽  
Margarete S. Mattevi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
South American ◽  
Geographic Patterns

scholarly journals Widespread inbreeding and unexpected geographic patterns of genetic variation in eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), an imperiled North American conifer

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Potter ◽  
Robert M. Jetton ◽  
William S. Dvorak ◽  
Valerie D. Hipkins ◽  
Rusty Rhea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
North American ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Geographic Patterns

Geographic patterns of genetic variation in native pecans

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Grauke ◽  
Maria Azucena Mendoza-Herrera ◽  
Allison J. Miller ◽  
Bruce. W. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Geographic Patterns

Geographic Patterns of Genetic Variation in Pinus monticola

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Rehfeldt ◽  
R. J. Hoff ◽  
R. J. Steinhoff
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Geographic Patterns

Genetic variation in red alder (Alnusrubra) in relation to native climate and geography

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1930-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ager ◽  
P. E. Heilman ◽  
R. F. Stettler
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Shoot Phenology ◽  
River Drainages

Genetic variation was examined within and among populations of red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) from elevational gradients in four river drainages of the Pacific Northwest. Wind-pollinated progenies of 120 trees were grown for 3 years in a common garden environment and measured for growth and shoot phenology. Variation in top weight, bud flush, and leaf abscission was analyzed in relation to native climate and elevation and compared with sympatric species. Strong geographic patterns of variation were observed for all measured traits, apparently reflecting adaptations to highly variable climates within the region studied. Growth traits were correlated with temperature amplitude and length of growing season. Growth rhythm in bud flushing and growth cessation was related to two important environmental cues, spring thermal sums and fall frost dates. Overall levels of variation in red alder appeared to be similar to several sympatric conifers, although variation within populations of red alder was lower. The latter finding may be due to the demography of the riparian populations sampled, or perhaps a characteristic of the species and its colonizing life history.

Integrative assessment of intraspecific diversification in Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) provides insight on the geographic pattern of phenotypic divergence and process of speciation

2021 ◽  
pp. 497-510
Author(s):  
Amy A. Chabot ◽  
Stephen C. Lougheed
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Phenotypic Differentiation ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Lanius Ludovicianus ◽  
Integrative Assessment ◽  
Loggerhead Shrike

Integrated studies of the geographical, ecological, and historical factors that shape intraspecific phenotypic and genetic variation can help us to decipher the processes leading to geographic patterns of population divergence and speciation. We quantify and compare morphological and genetic variation in the Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus Linnaeus, 1766), a broadly distributed passerine in North America with both migratory and non-migratory populations that occupy a diversity of habitats and topographies. The geographic distributions and patterns of differentiation among subspecies suggest that migration has strongly impacted population divergence, including the habit of migrating itself, but also dispersal. Patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic differentiation can be attributed to female-biased dispersal and to increased dispersal rates and distances in migratory populations. Weak phenotypic differentiation among migratory versus migratory and non-migratory populations suggest that migration may more strongly affect morphology than adaptation to local habitats. Our results generally support previous subspecific designations with two notable exceptions. We found little genetic differentiation between two subspecies (Lanius ludovicianus gambeli Ridgway, 1887 and Lanius ludovicianus mexicanus C.L. Brehm, 1854), but identify a new, distinct subspecies, which we refer to as Lanius ludovicianus centralis ssp. nov.

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