Genetic variation in red alder (Alnusrubra) in relation to native climate and geography

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1930-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ager ◽  
P. E. Heilman ◽  
R. F. Stettler
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Shoot Phenology ◽  
River Drainages

Genetic variation was examined within and among populations of red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) from elevational gradients in four river drainages of the Pacific Northwest. Wind-pollinated progenies of 120 trees were grown for 3 years in a common garden environment and measured for growth and shoot phenology. Variation in top weight, bud flush, and leaf abscission was analyzed in relation to native climate and elevation and compared with sympatric species. Strong geographic patterns of variation were observed for all measured traits, apparently reflecting adaptations to highly variable climates within the region studied. Growth traits were correlated with temperature amplitude and length of growing season. Growth rhythm in bud flushing and growth cessation was related to two important environmental cues, spring thermal sums and fall frost dates. Overall levels of variation in red alder appeared to be similar to several sympatric conifers, although variation within populations of red alder was lower. The latter finding may be due to the demography of the riparian populations sampled, or perhaps a characteristic of the species and its colonizing life history.

Ecotypic mode of regional differentiation caused by restricted gene migration: a case in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) along the Pacific Northwest coast

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Yi Xie ◽  
Cheng C. Ying ◽  
Alvin D. Yanchuk ◽  
Diane L. Holowachuk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Gene Migration ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Leaf Flushing

Genetic differentiation of black cottonwood ( Populus balsamifera subsp. trichocarpa (Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook) Brayshaw) across a “no-cottonwood” belt on the coast of central British Columbia (BC), Canada, was examined using data on 3 year height, severity of infection by Valsa sordida Nitschke and Melampsora occidentalis H. Jacks., and abnormality of leaf flushing. The data were collected in a common-garden test consisting of 180 provenances of 36 drainages ranging from northern BC to Oregon, USA. The results demonstrated an ecotypic mode, north–south regional differentiation. Valsa sordida and M. occidentalis infected 41% and 89%, respectively, of the trees from the northern region, while 66% showed flushing abnormality. In contrast, only 1% and 27% of their southern counterparts were infected by the same diseases, and 1% had abnormal flushing. Trees from the northern region averaged 87% shorter than those from the south. Regional differentiation accounted for the highest amount of variation observed in all traits, with 60% in 3 year height, 34% in V. sordida, 76% in M. occidentalis, and 50% in abnormal leaf flushing. Regression analysis revealed geographic patterns that essentially reflected regional differentiation along the no-cottonwood belt. The species’ distribution biography, ecological characteristics, and life history suggest that restricted gene migration was the main factor responsible for the observed geographic patterns of genetic differentiation.

Genetic Variation in Chamaecyparis nootkatensis from Coastal British Columbia1

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Cherry ◽  
D. T. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Chamaecyparis Nootkatensis ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Port Orford Cedar

Abstract Genetic variation in several traits of Alaska-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) was measured in progeny from seven coastal B.C. provenances, each represented by three open-pollinated families. The common-garden nursery trial also included one provenance of Port-Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana). Growth traits and frost hardiness were measured at the end of the first growing season, and morphological traits after the second year. Provenances varied in percentage germination, shoot dry weight, shoot to root dry weight ratio, number of lateral branches per stem, and cold injury to a minimum temperature of -20°C in December. Families differed in height, root collar diameter, and in the number of nodes of primary foliage. Port-Orford cedar exhibited much greater height, stem caliper, and dry weight than any Alaska-cedar provenance, but was more susceptible to frost damage. West. J. Appl. For. 7(1):25-29.

Climate effects on red alder growth in the Pacific Northwest of North America

2012 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cortini ◽  
P.G. Comeau ◽  
T. Wang ◽  
D.E. Hibbs ◽  
A. Bluhm
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Climate Effects ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Stem Taper and Volume of Managed Red Alder

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hibbs ◽  
Andrew Bluhm ◽  
Sean Garber
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Volume Table ◽  
Taper Function ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Taper Equations

Abstract Ataper equation and a volume table are presented for red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) trees grown in plantations. Fourteen diameter measurements from each of 234 trees were collected from nine plantations throughout the Pacific Northwest. Diameter inside bark (dib) along the stemwas fitted to a variable exponent model form. Individual tree merchantable volume was then estimated as volume inside bark by integrating the taper function from 6 in. (stump height) to the height at a 5-in. (diameter outside bark) top. Incorporating two easily measured tree variables—dbhand total tree height—provided an accurate fit. Model results and the use of an independent evaluation data set of plantation-grown trees indicated that the model presented here was a better predictor of dib in managed stands than previously published red alder taper equations. Thisequation provides reliable dib and merchantable volume predictions and is an improvement over previous red alder volume and taper equations.

Genetic variation and productivity of Populustrichocarpa and its hybrids.: IV. Performance in short-rotation coppice

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1257-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Heilman ◽  
R. F. Stettler
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Major River ◽  
River Drainages

Resprouting after harvest and rapid growth of sprouts are often considered essential for success of close-spaced, short-rotation cultural systems. This study examined resprouting, subsequent growth, and dry weight production following the initial 4-year harvest of a "common garden" trial of 50 clones of Populustrichocarpa Torr. & Gray. The clones were selected from 10 populations (sources) from major river drainages from western British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. Additionally, three P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides (Bartr.) hybrids, a 'Robusta' clone, and a previously selected P. trichocarpa clone from Cottage Grove, Oregon, were included in the experiment. Mean yield of P. trichocarpa clones was 11.3 Mg•ha−1•year−1 (CV among clones = 61%) in the coppice rotation vs. 12.6 Mg•ha−1•year−1 (CV among clones = 40%) in the initial rotation; a difference that may, at least in part, be due to the use of less fertilizer in the coppice rotation. Nevertheless, a number of clones including the hybrids had higher yields in the coppice than in the initial rotation. Yield of clones in the coppice rotation was only moderately correlated with yield in the initial harvest (r2 = 0.48), but the same two clones, hybrids 11-11 and 11-05, were the top-producing clones in both rotations. Cumulative mortality of P. trichocarpa at the end of the experiment, including failed cuttings, averaged 36%, but was highly variable (range = 7–66% among clones). Yield in both harvests differed significantly among sources of P. trichocarpa. As with other components of productivity reported earlier, performance in coppice varied significantly among the 50 P. trichocarpa clones, and more so than in the first rotation. Populustrichocarpa clones identified as superior in coppicing in this experiment represent potential parents for new hybrids intended for short-rotation systems involving coppicing.

Performance of red alder seed sources in France

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1008-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Hibbs ◽  
Luc Bouvarel ◽  
Eric Teissier Du Cros
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Pacific Northwest Coast ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
The Pacific

We report on a series of 7- and 8-year-old genetic trials of red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) planted in France as an initial exploration of its growth potential and genetic needs. Red alder is native to the Pacific Northwest coast of North America. Seed for the French plantings was collected in four Pacific Northwest river drainages (Santiam, Nisqually, Nooksack, and Hoh), which cover a wide latitudinal and elevational range.Of the four sites at which the red alder seed was planted, the best growth was observed at Rouvray in northwestern France, a site with deep sandy soil and adequate summer precipitation. Growth here was above average for red alder in its native habitat. Poor soil drainage at the other three test sites resulted in much poorer performance. Trees from Santiam River seed sources were generally the poorest performers at all test sites; the source river(s) for the best performing trees, however, varied by test site. Comparing performance of trees from the same source drainage, elevation of seed collection location correlated at best only weakly with growth; the level of nonsys-tematic variation was high. Regression on principal components derived from seed collection location environmental variables indicated that the best growth performance was associated with seed sources from warmer areas with low moisture demands. In general, this combination of climate conditions exists in low-elevation coastal areas; in this study, all seed collection locations fitting this description were in northwestern Washington state.

Genetic variation of ecophysiological traits in red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2150-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.L. Dang ◽  
C.Y. Xie ◽  
C. Ying ◽  
R.D. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Water Vapour Pressure ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Ecophysiological Traits ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Stomatal Sensitivity

We examined the genetic variation of ecophysiological traits within and among 40 red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) provenances (two families per provenance) in a common-garden experiment in the summer of 1993. The provenances were representative of the entire species range in British Columbia, Canada. We found significant genetic variation among provenances (P < 0.001) in photosynthetic rate (A), mesophyll conductance (gm), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gsw), stomatal sensitivity to water vapour pressure deficit (SENSVPD), intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration ratio (Ci/Ca), and midday xylem water potential (ψ). Photosynthetic water-use efficiency, however, did not differ significantly among provenances. There were no significant differences between families within provenance for any of these variables. A weak but significant geographic trend was detected in ecophysiological traits: ψ, A, gm, and E increased, and SENSVPD decreased, from southeast to northwest. Photosynthetic rate, E, gm, gsw and ψ were positively related to each other, but negatively correlated with SENSVPD. Ci/Ca was negatively correlated with gsw. These correlations indicate that red alder might have undergone genetic differentiation in drought resistance.

Stock specific variation in the probability of precocious male maturation in hatchery Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A Larsen ◽  
Abby E. Fuhrman ◽  
Deborah L. Harstad ◽  
David A Venditti ◽  
Brian R Beckman
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Variation

Age of maturation in many salmonid species is phenotypically plastic and dependent on exceeding a genetically set threshold in growth, often described as a probabilistic maturation reaction norm (PMRN). Hatchery supplementation programs for Chinook salmon in the Pacific Northwest US have been developed to minimize differences between hatchery and wild fish by integrating natural-origin adults into broodstock, potentially affecting PMRNs. We raised fish from 10 Chinook salmon stocks with variable levels of natural-origin integration in a common garden environment to explore potential genetic variation in PMRNs for precocious male maturation as age 2 minijacks. Proportion minijacks varied ≈10-fold (0.043 to 0.443) and the PMRN WP50 (predicted weight at 50% maturation) varied by ≈18 g (24.1 to 41.7g). The propensity for minijack maturation was generally higher in stocks with higher levels of natural origin integration. These findings demonstrate the effect of genotype by environment interactions on life history of salmonids and the need for stock specific tailoring of rearing regimes to regulate differences between hatchery and wild fish, when wild fish are used in broodstocks.

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