scholarly journals Studies of modern Italian dog populations reveal multiple patterns for domestic breed evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2911-2925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Talenti ◽  
Dayna L. Dreger ◽  
Stefano Frattini ◽  
Michele Polli ◽  
Stefano Marelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Breed

PAST AND PRESENT IN BREEDING AND TECHNOLOGY OF EVALUATING OF NEW BREEDING ACHIEVEMENTS (BREEDS) IN THE DOMESTIC SHEEP BREEDING

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
A.I. EROKHIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Domestic Breed

The article considers some issues of the methodology of the breeding process in the domestic breed formation and the features of the technology for evaluating new breeding achievements in the past and present.

scholarly journals Optimization of biotechnology of production of whole-bowl meat products

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Ivan Fedorovich Gorlov ◽  
Marina Ivanovna Slozhenkina ◽  
Tatyana Mikhaylovna Giro ◽  
Natalya Ivanovna Mosolova ◽  
Svetlana Evgenyevna Bozhkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Large White ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Domestic Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Whole Muscle

The article presents research on the improvement of technology of whole-muscle meat products made from pork obtained from large white breed animals, whose population in the structure of the breeding. This domestic breed of pigs was not chosen by chance, since in recent years many industrial pig farms have focused on breeding animals. It is established that dietary salt in comparison with cooking, increases such indicators as moisture-binding and water-holding abilities, increases the yield of products by 4% and reduces losses during heat treatment by 4.6%. The use of bacterial cultures in the composition of the brine contributes to the improvement of the structural-mechanical properties and quality of salted raw materials. The improved brine formulation helps to maintain high organoleptic characteristics and to obtain a dietary product with a balanced mineral composition.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF GOLSHTINS OF VARIOUS ECOLOGICAL GENETIC GENERATION AND UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREEDS IN IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE STEPPE ZONE OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
V. S. Kozyr ◽  
V. P. Kovalenko ◽  
A. D. Hekkiyev
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Domestic Breed

The productivity of cows of Holstein and Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breeds in the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine was studied. Estimation of breeding changes using the available gene pool. The directions of further pedigree work with the domestic breed.

scholarly journals Desert Dingo (Canis lupus dingo) genome provides insights into their role in the Australian ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonu Yadav ◽  
Olga Dudchenko ◽  
Meera Esvaran ◽  
Benjamin D. Rosen ◽  
Matt A. Field ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Differentially Methylated Genes ◽  
Domestic Breed ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Read

AbstractThe dingo is Australia’s iconic top-order predator and arrived on the continent between 5,000-8,000 years ago. To provide an unbiased insight into its evolutionary affiliations and biological interactions, we coupled long-read DNA sequencing with a multiplatform scaffolding approach to produce an ab initio genome assembly of the desert dingo (85X coverage) we call CanLup_DDS. We compared this genome to the Boxer (CanFam3.1) and German Shepherd dog (CanFam_GSD) assemblies and characterized lineage-specific and shared genetic variation ranging from single– to megabase pair–sized variants. We identified 21,483 dingo-specific and 16,595 domestic dog-specific homozygous structural variants mediating genic and putative regulatory changes. Comparisons between the dingo and domestic dog builds detected unique inversions on Chromosome 16, structural variations in genes linked with starch metabolism, and seven differentially methylated genes. To experimentally assess genomic differences 17 dingoes and 15 German Shepherd dogs were fed parallel diets for 14 days. In dingoes, low AMY2B copy number and serum amylase levels are linked with high cholesterol and LDL levels. Gut microbiome analyses revealed enrichment of the family Clostridiaceae, which can utilize complex resistant starch, while scat metabolome studies identified high phenylethyl alcohol concentrations that we posit are linked with territory marking. Our study provides compelling genomic, microbiome, and metabolomic links showing the dingo has distinct physiology from domestic breed dogs with a unique role in the ecosystem.

scholarly journals A primary linkage map of the porcine genome reveals a low rate of genetic recombination.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 1089-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ellegren ◽  
B P Chowdhary ◽  
M Johansson ◽  
L Marklund ◽  
M Fredholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Porcine Genome ◽  
Large White ◽  
European Wild Boar ◽  
Domestic Breed ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Map Data

Abstract A comprehensive genetic linkage map of the porcine genome has been developed by typing 128 genetic markers in a cross between the European Wild Boar and a domestic breed (Large White). The marker set includes 68 polymerase chain reaction-formatted microsatellites, 60 anchored reference markers informative for comparative mapping and 47 markers which have been physically assigned by in situ hybridization. Novel multipoint assignments are provided for 54 of the markers. The map covers about 1800 cM, and the average spacing between markers is 11 cM. We used the map data to estimate the genome size in pigs, thereby addressing the total recombination distance in a third mammalian species. A sex-average genome length of 1873 +/- 139 cM was obtained by comparing the recombinational and physical distances in defined regions of the genome. This is strikingly different from the length of the human genome (3800-4000 cM) and is more similar to the mouse estimate (1600 cM). The recombination rate in females was significantly higher than in males.

PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF SIMMENTAL BREED COWS, DEPENDING ON THE VOLUME OF MILK YIELD, METHOD OF KEEPING AND STUD-BULLS FROM DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.Н. ЛЕВИНА ◽  
М.В. ЗЕЛЕПУКИНА ◽  
Т.Н. РУДНЕВА ◽  
Г.Н. ЛИТОВКИНА
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Central Federal District ◽  
Domestic Breed ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Lack Of Exercise ◽  
Combined Methods

Проведен анализ продуктивных качеств коров в племенных стадах симментальской породы, изучено продуктивное долголетие в зависимости от удоя за 1-ю лактацию, способа содержания и быков-отцов разной селекции симментальской и голштинской пород (красно-пестрой масти). Исследования проведены в Центральном федеральном округе на 8264 выбывших коровах. Выявлено, что с увеличением удоя снижается продолжительность производственного использования животных. На базе стад с разными способами содержания и удоем 7,0—7,5 тыс. кг молока выяснили, что при отсутствии моциона сокращается продолжительность использования коров на 8% относительно беспривязного и комбинированного (зимой моцион в загонах, а летом — круглосуточно на площадках). Удой первотелок при привязном содержании (7914 кг) был выше в сравнении с беспривязным на 606 кг и комбинированным — на 1143 кг способами содержания. При большем удое по 1-й лактации сохранность коров снижалась. При минимальной продуктивности (4,1—5,0 тыс. кг) она составляла 67—75%, при максимальной (10,1—11,0 тыс. кг) — 10—21%. Суммарный удой коров от быков симментальской породы отечественной селекции относительно сверстниц, полученных от быков зарубежной селекции, был выше на 2,4—7,2 тыс. кг, а период использования продолжительнее на 0,3—1,1 лактации. Дочери быков улучшающей голштинской породы отечественной селекции, в сравнении со сверстницами от отцов зарубежной селекции, имели наибольшее превосходство над первотелками от быков канадской селекции и США по суммарному удою (7,9—11,6 тыс. кг) и продолжительности использования (1,1—1,7 лактации). Наименьшее продуктивное долголетие было у коров при привязном содержании без моциона и с максимальной величиной удоя по 1-й лактации. We have analyzed the productivity qualities of Simmental cows in breed herds, studied productive longevity depending on milk yield per 1st lactation, keeping method and Simmental and Holstein (red-and-white in color) stud-bulls of different breeding. The research was made on the territory of Central Federal District on 8264 retired cows. It was found out that with an increase in milk yield, the duration of the production use of animals’ decreases. On the basis of herds with different methods of keeping and milk yield of 7.0—7.5 thousand kg of milk, it was found that in the lack of exercise, the duration of cows' use is reduced by 8% relative to loose housing and combined methods (in winter exercise is yards, and in the summer within 24 hours in the areas). The milk yield of first-calf cows under the conditions of tying method (7914 kg) was 606 kg higher than while a loose housing and 1143 kg higher than while a combined method. With greater milk yield on the 1st lactation decreased the сow livability. At the minimum productivity (4.1—5.0 thousand kg), it amounted to 67—75%, and at the maximum (10.1—11.0 thousand kg) it was 10—21%. The total milk yield of cows from Simmental bulls of domestic breed relative to cows of the same age from bulls of foreign breed was higher by 2.4—7.2 thousand kg, and the period of use was longer by 0.3—1.1 lactations. The cows from the upgraded Holstein bulls of domestic breed, in comparison with cows of the same age bulls of foreign breed, had the greatest superiority over the first-calf cows from bulls of Canadian and American breeds in total milk yield (7.9—11.6 thousand kg) and duration of use (1.1—1.7 lactation). The least productive longevity had cows kept under the conditions of tying method, without exercise and with a maximum milk yield per 1st lactation.

scholarly journals [Columba livia domestic breed, invasive entity also alien for Italy]

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Boano ◽  
Fabio Perco ◽  
Marco Pavia ◽  
Natale Emilio Baldaccini
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Feral Populations ◽  
Domestic Breed ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
Western Palaearctic ◽  
Post War

[The Rock Dove (Columba livia) is a polytypic species originally confined to coastal and inland cliffs of western Palaearctic and northern Ethiopian regions and to those of Indian subcontinent. The present distribution is confused by extensions of range through hybridization with feral stock, which have determined its diffusion in geographical areas and environments that are very different and distant from the original ones, with a naturalized distribution now virtually cosmopolitan. Besides a substantial number of domestic breeds reared and maintained in this state, Columba livia is now represented by the original wild populations, generally in decline, and by feral populations, originated from abandoned or escaped domestic individuals. These populations developed above all, but no exclusively, in the cities, starting from the end of the XVIII century, with a further significant increase during the second post-war period, In this work, after having examined and discussed the distribution of the species resulting from the Pleistocene fossil findings and from the historical ornithological literature, we advance the hypothesis that wherever there are free-living populations showing phenotypic, biometric or genetic characteristics different from the wild morphotype, it is legitimate to consider these populations as an alien complex of domestic origin, to be controlled by culling and, when possible, eradicated. On the side-lines of this work, the Authors hope for a reconsideration of Italian names of this species.] [Article in Italian]

scholarly journals Comparison of Growth Performance and Meat Quality Traits of Commercial Cross-bred Pig versus Large Black Pig Breeds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjie Wang ◽  
Keshari Thakali ◽  
Palika Morse ◽  
Sarah Shelby ◽  
Jinglong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Domestic Breed ◽  
High Feed

Abstract BackgroundThe meat quality of different pig breeds is associated with their different muscle tissue physiological processes, which involves a large variety of genes related with muscle fat and energy metabolism. Understanding the differences of biological processes of muscle after slaughter is helpful to reveal the meat quality development of different breeds. Therefore, 8 domestic Large Black pigs (BP), a domestic breed with high fat contents in meat, and 7 Cross-bred commercial pig (CP), which has a high feed efficiency with high lean meat, was used to investigate the differences of their meat quality and genotype.ResultsThe average daily gain (ADG) and hot carcass weight (HCW) of CP were higher than BP, but the back-fat thickness of BP was higher than CP ( P < 0.05). The CP had higher a* but lower h value than BP ( P < 0.05). The metmyoglobin (MMb) percentage of CP was higher ( P < 0.05) than BP. The fat content and oxygen consumption of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle in BP were higher ( P < 0.05) than CP. BP had higher SFA and MUFA content, but CP had higher PUFA content ( P < 0.05). The RNA-seq was applied to compare the genome differences between the two pig breeds. The RNA-seq data highlighted 201 genes differentially expressed between breeds ( P < 0.05), with 75 up-regulated and 126 down-regulated genes in BP compared with CP. The real-time PCR was used to validate the results of RNA-seq for 8 genes, and the genes related with lipid and energy metabolism were highly expressed in BP ( P < 0.05).ConclusionsBased on the results, BP had superior general meat quality to CP, while the growth performance of CP was better, and the genotype differences between these two breeds may cause the meat quality and growth performance variance.

Conservation of a domestic breed

1969 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
Louise Firouz
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Breed

scholarly journals The African Wild Dog

Oryx ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Bere
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Lycaon Pictus ◽  
Notable Feature ◽  
Domestic Breed ◽  
African Wild Dog ◽  
Hunting Dog ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Wild Dog

The African Wild Dog, or Hunting Dog, Lycaon pictus, is a distinct species and is neither related to any domestic breed nor does it appear to be the forerunner of any known type of domestic dog: there are in fact certain structural differences, such as the absence of dew-claws. The dogs stand about twenty-six inches at the shoulder and measure about four feet from nose to tip of bushy tail. The colour is variable but is similar to that of a normal Alsatian, covered to a greater or lesser degree with black, yellow or white blotches. A notable feature is the large upstanding, rounded ears. There are recorded cases of the wild dog having been successfully tamed, but an objectionable smell renders them somewhat unpleasant as household pets.

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