scholarly journals A heterogeneous thermal environment enables remarkable behavioral thermoregulation in Uta stansburiana

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (17) ◽  
pp. 3319-3329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Goller ◽  
Franz Goller ◽  
Susannah S. French
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Uta Stansburiana

Salty Solutions: Their Effects on Thermal Set Points in Behavioral Repertoires of Albino Rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Vitulli ◽  
Rwanda Aker ◽  
Stanley W. Howard ◽  
Wendy M. Jones ◽  
Morgan W. Kimball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Reversal Design ◽  
Post Hoc

Salt (sodium chloride) has been linked to increased blood pressure and a rise in core body temperature. The objective of this study was to investigate the role played by salt in altering behavioral thermoregulation in albino rats. Different doses of sodium chloride were administered (ip) prior to fixed-interval 2-min. schedules of microwave reinforcement in rats tested in a cold Skinner Box. Three Sprague-Dawley rats were conditioned to regulate their thermal environment with 5-sec. exposures of MW reinforcement in a repeated-measures reversal design. Friedman's non-parametric test showed significant differences among sodium chloride doses and physiologically normal saline. Post hoc sign tests showed that all doses of NaCI suppressed operant behavior for heat except 60 mg/kg. The hypothesis that sodium chloride lowers hypothalamic set point for heat was partially supported.

Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) Effects on Behavioral Thermoregulation with Microwave Radiation

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Vitulli ◽  
Kendra L. M. Laconsay ◽  
Andrea C. Agnew ◽  
Mary E. Henderson ◽  
Joseph M. Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Post Hoc

Aspirin is a widely used over-the-counter drug in our society which has wide therapeutic value, yet not all of the behavioralside effects have been studied. Different doses of aspirin solutions were administered (ip) prior to fixed-interval 2-min. schedules of microwave reinforcement in rats tested in a cold environment. Four Sprague-Dawley rats were conditioned to regulate their thermal environment with 5-sec. exposures of MW reinforcement. Friedman's nonparametric test showed significant differences among aspirin and saline-control doses. Post hoc sign tests showed that a moderate dose of aspirin increased operant behavior reinforced by MW radiation, yet lower and higher doses decreased and then increased the rate of responding which resulted in an inverted U-shaped trend. Possible multiple effects of aspirin in terms of its thermoregulatory as well as its pain-tolerance properties, and implications for hypothalamic “set point” are discussed.

Insulin, Exercise, and Dietary Effects upon Behavioral Thermoregulation in Albino Rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Vitulli ◽  
Kimberly E. Tyler ◽  
Nancy Hartzog ◽  
Joseph M. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Operant Behavior ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Functional Relationships

The objectives of this exploratory research were to assess the effects of insulin preparations (Humulin-regular and NPH) on operant behavior reinforced by schedules of microwave radiation in a cold environment and to measure changes in this thermoregulatory behavior as a function of exercise and food deprivation. Eight albino rats were conditioned to regulate their thermal environment with 6-sec. exposures of microwave (MW) radiation (SAR = 0.34 Watts/kg/(mW/cm2) under FR-1 and FR-10 schedules. Regular-insulin and NPH-insulin sessions were administered alternately with saline-control sessions for 8-hr. durations. Exercise in an activity wheel and 48 hr. of food deprivation (diet) were additional independent variables used to alter thermoregulation. Three randomized-block analysis of variance designs with repeated measures showed that insulin preparations resulted in a suppression of operant responding for heat, yet food deprivation increased rates of microwave responding. These data are interpreted in terms of functional relationships between ambient temperature changes, core body temperature, blood glucose fluctuations, and operant behavior.

Insulin and Dextrose Effects on Fixed-Interval Behavioral Thermoregulation in Albino Rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Vitulli ◽  
Connie P. Anderson ◽  
Joseph M. Quinn ◽  
Julie D. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Regular Insulin ◽  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Operant Responding

This study is a systematic replication of the effects of insulin doses on operant behavior reinforced (in an earlier study) by fixed-ratio schedules of microwave (MW) reinforcement. In this study, insulin and dextrose doses were administered (ip) prior to fixed-interval 2-min. schedules of MW reinforcement in rats tested in a cold environment. Six Sprague-Dawley rats were conditioned to regulate their thermal environment with 5-sec. exposures of MW radiation (SAR = 0.34 Watts/kg/(mW/cm2) under the FI-2′ schedules. Humulin-regular insulin and 50% solutions of dextrose were administered (ip) alternately with saline control sessions for 8-hr. durations. A within-subjects, repeated-measures 4 × 8 × 3 factorial analysis of variance design showed that insulin doses suppressed operant responding for heat, which confirmed the results of the earlier study under a different schedule. In addition, high doses of dextrose had similar suppressing effects on operant responding for heat. The data are interpreted in terms of the discriminative properties of increased thermogenesis produced by the insulin and dextrose doses. The suppressing effects were more pronounced for the first two hours, yet they persisted for approximately six hours of the 8-hr. sessions.

scholarly journals Thermal robustness of biomechanical processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (1) ◽  
pp. jeb228973
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Olberding ◽  
Stephen M. Deban
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Robust Performance ◽  
Shortening Velocity ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Repeated Evolution

ABSTRACTTemperature influences many physiological processes that govern life as a result of the thermal sensitivity of chemical reactions. The repeated evolution of endothermy and widespread behavioral thermoregulation in animals highlight the importance of elevating tissue temperature to increase the rate of chemical processes. Yet, movement performance that is robust to changes in body temperature has been observed in numerous species. This thermally robust performance appears exceptional in light of the well-documented effects of temperature on muscle contractile properties, including shortening velocity, force, power and work. Here, we propose that the thermal robustness of movements in which mechanical processes replace or augment chemical processes is a general feature of any organismal system, spanning kingdoms. The use of recoiling elastic structures to power movement in place of direct muscle shortening is one of the most thoroughly studied mechanical processes; using these studies as a basis, we outline an analytical framework for detecting thermal robustness, relying on the comparison of temperature coefficients (Q10 values) between chemical and mechanical processes. We then highlight other biomechanical systems in which thermally robust performance that arises from mechanical processes may be identified using this framework. Studying diverse movements in the context of temperature will both reveal mechanisms underlying performance and allow the prediction of changes in performance in response to a changing thermal environment, thus deepening our understanding of the thermal ecology of many organisms.

scholarly journals Behavioral modifications by a large-northern herbivore to mitigate warming conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti S. Jennewein ◽  
Mark Hebblewhite ◽  
Peter Mahoney ◽  
Sophie Gilbert ◽  
Arjan J. H. Meddens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Habitat Selection ◽  
North America ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Selection Function ◽  
High Northern Latitude

Abstract Background Temperatures in arctic-boreal regions are increasing rapidly and pose significant challenges to moose (Alces alces), a heat-sensitive large-bodied mammal. Moose act as ecosystem engineers, by regulating forest carbon and structure, below ground nitrogen cycling processes, and predator-prey dynamics. Previous studies showed that during hotter periods, moose displayed stronger selection for wetland habitats, taller and denser forest canopies, and minimized exposure to solar radiation. However, previous studies regarding moose behavioral thermoregulation occurred in Europe or southern moose range in North America. Understanding whether ambient temperature elicits a behavioral response in high-northern latitude moose populations in North America may be increasingly important as these arctic-boreal systems have been warming at a rate two to three times the global mean. Methods We assessed how Alaska moose habitat selection changed as a function of ambient temperature using a step-selection function approach to identify habitat features important for behavioral thermoregulation in summer (June–August). We used Global Positioning System telemetry locations from four populations of Alaska moose (n = 169) from 2008 to 2016. We assessed model fit using the quasi-likelihood under independence criterion and conduction a leave-one-out cross validation. Results Both male and female moose in all populations increasingly, and nonlinearly, selected for denser canopy cover as ambient temperature increased during summer, where initial increases in the conditional probability of selection were initially sharper then leveled out as canopy density increased above ~ 50%. However, the magnitude of selection response varied by population and sex. In two of the three populations containing both sexes, females demonstrated a stronger selection response for denser canopy at higher temperatures than males. We also observed a stronger selection response in the most southerly and northerly populations compared to populations in the west and central Alaska. Conclusions The impacts of climate change in arctic-boreal regions increase landscape heterogeneity through processes such as increased wildfire intensity and annual area burned, which may significantly alter the thermal environment available to an animal. Understanding habitat selection related to behavioral thermoregulation is a first step toward identifying areas capable of providing thermal relief for moose and other species impacted by climate change in arctic-boreal regions.

Autonomic and behavioral thermoregulation in guinea pigs during postnatal maturation

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 830-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Fewell ◽  
Maria Kang ◽  
Heather L. Eliason
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Postnatal Maturation ◽  
Metabolic Chamber ◽  
Oxygen Requirements

Fewell, James E., Maria Kang, and Heather L. Eliason.Autonomic and behavioral thermoregulation in guinea pigs during postnatal maturation. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(3): 830–836, 1997.—Serial experiments were carried out on seven chronically instrumented Hartley-strain guinea pigs at 1, 3, and 5 wk of age to define their autonomic and behavioral thermoregulatory profiles and to test the hypothesis that they have the mechanisms in place shortly after birth that allow them to optimize their energy expenditure for thermoregulation by selecting a thermal environment that requires the lowest metabolic oxygen requirements. Each animal was studied in both a thermocline to determine selected ambient temperature and in a metabolic chamber to determine the thermoregulatory response to forced changes in ambient temperature. In the thermocline, the guinea pigs at all postnatal ages selected an ambient temperature that placed core temperature, oxygen consumption, thermal conductance, heart rate, and respiratory rate at levels comparable to those observed at ambient temperatures in which minimal oxygen consumption occurred in the metabolic chamber. Thus our experiments provide evidence that guinea pigs have the neurophysiological mechanisms in place shortly after birth that allow them to optimize their energy expenditure for thermoregulation by selecting a thermal environment that corresponds to the lowest metabolic oxygen requirements.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document