scholarly journals Invertebrate community response to coarse woody debris removal for bioenergy production from intensively managed forests

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Grodsky ◽  
Christopher E. Moorman ◽  
Sarah R. Fritts ◽  
Joshua W. Campbell ◽  
Clyde E. Sorenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Intensively Managed

Effects of timber harvesting on coarse woody debris in red pine forests across the Great Lakes states, U.S.A.

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1926-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D Duvall ◽  
David F Grigal
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Timber Management ◽  
Great Lakes States ◽  
Young Forests

Coarse woody debris (CWD) chronosequences were developed for managed and unmanaged red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stands across the Great Lakes states. Throughout stand development, there is less CWD in managed than in unmanaged forests, and effects of management are strongest in young forests (0-30 years old). At stand initiation, CWD is 80% lower in managed than unmanaged forests, 20 200 versus 113 200 kg·ha-1, while at 90 years, CWD is 35% lower, 6600 versus 10 400 kg·ha-1. Timber management especially affects snags. In young managed forests, snag biomass is less than 1% of that in unmanaged forests, 150 versus 58 200 kg·ha-1, while log biomass is 80% lower, 5000 versus 22 800 kg·ha-1. This trend continues in mature forests (91-150 years old), where snag biomass is 75% lower in managed than in unmanaged forests, 1700 versus 6400 kg·ha-1. Management has relatively little impact on total log biomass of mature forests but increases the biomass of fresh logs nearly 10-fold, to 1400 versus 150 kg·ha-1. CWD in managed forests is highly variable, primarily related to thinning schedules in individual stands.

Coarse woody debris in forest regions of Russia

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga N Krankina ◽  
Mark E Harmon ◽  
Yuri A Kukuev ◽  
Rudolf F Treyfeld ◽  
Nikolai N Kashpor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Young Forests ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Regions Of Russia

To assess regional stores of coarse woody debris (CWD) in seven major forest regions of Russia, we combined data collected as part of the routine forest inventory with measurements in 1044 sample plots and the results of density sampling of 922 dead trees. The stores of CWD in the western part of Russia (St. Petersburg, Central, Khanty-Mansi, and Novosibirsk regions) were on average lower (14–20 m3/ha or 4.0–5.8 Mg/ha) than in the East Siberian and Far Eastern regions (40–51 m3/ha or 11.0–14.4 Mg/ha). The difference in CWD stores was particularly large between young forests in two western regions (2.4 Mg/ha in St. Petersburg and 3.4 Mg/ha in the Central region) and in the east (20.4–24.4 Mg/ha). This difference is associated with the prevailing disturbance type: clear-cut harvest in western Russia and natural disturbances in the east. Analysis of variance in CWD stores indicates that region, dominant species, forest age group, productivity class, and interactions of these factors explain 87–88% of the total variance and the strongest effects are for age group and region. Lower stores of CWD within the intensively managed forest regions suggest that further expansion of forest use in many regions of Russia may reduce regional stores of CWD and carbon.

scholarly journals Carbon Losses from Decomposing Windrowed Sitka Spruce Woody Debris Over a 16-Year Chronosequence

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Brian Tobin ◽  
Giovanni Pastore ◽  
Maarten Nieuwenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Woody Debris ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Management Intervention ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Forest C

Meeting the reporting requirements of the Kyoto Protocol has focused attention on the potential of forests in sustainably sequestering carbon (C) to mitigate the effects of rising levels of atmospheric CO2. Much uncertainty remains concerning the ultimate effect of management on such sequestration effects. The management of woody debris (WD) and other deadwood stocks is an example of a management intervention with the scope of affecting the source-sink dynamics of forest C. Windrowing is the most commonly employed approach to the management of post-harvest WD. This study investigated the quantities of windrowed deadwood C across a chronosequence of reforested commercial Sitka spruce stands in Ireland and how its decomposition rate affected its contribution to forest C sequestration. The C stocks in windrowed WD ranged from 25 to 8 t C ha−1 at the 4- and 16-year-old stands, respectively. Losses due to the decomposition of these stocks ranged from 5.15 t C ha−1 yr−1 at the youngest site (4 years old) to 0.68 t C ha−1 yr−1 at the oldest site (16 years old). Using a visual decay-class categorization of WD components and an assessment of wood density, decay rate constants were estimated for logs, branches, and stumps (the main WD constituents of windrows) as 0.037, 0.038, and 0.044, respectively. These results, derived from stand stock evaluations, were placed into context with data previously published from the same chronosequence that characterized the day-to-day fluxes to or from this pool. This comparison indicated that though only a very small quantity of C was lost in dissolved leachate form, the most significant pathway for loss was respiratory and ranged from 16 to 8 t C ha−1 yr−1 at the 9- and 16-year-old sites. These estimates were many times greater in extent than estimates made using a density-loss approach, the difference indicating that fragmentation and weathering play a large role in woody decomposition in intensively managed forests.

Biodiversity implications of changes in the quantity of dead organic matter in managed forests

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Freedman ◽  
V. Zelazny ◽  
D. Beaudette ◽  
T. Fleming ◽  
G. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Critical Habitat ◽  
Dead Organic Matter ◽  
Wide Range

Dead organic matter is an important structural and functional element in natural forests, but its quantity, quality, and spatial distribution are greatly modified by intensive harvesting and management through forestry. From the perspective of conflicts with biodiversity, the most important changes are associated with reductions in the abundance of snags, cavity trees, and coarse-woody debris, all of which are well known as critical habitat elements for a wide range of indigenous species. Changes in the depth and quality of the forest floor of managed stands are also important for some species and guilds of wildlife. Resolution of this conflict between forestry and biodiversity will require the design and implementation of management systems that accommodate the critical habitat qualities associated with dead organic matter, particularly with large-dimension deadwood and cavities. This goal may be most effectively achieved by an integrated strategy that involves (i) basing forest-management planning on shifting-mosaic habitat models of stand harvesting and replacement, designed to ensure a continuous availability of sufficient areas of stands old enough to sustain habitat features associated with dead organic matter, along with (ii) the provision of protected areas of mature and older growth forest, associated with riparian buffers, deer yards, and nonharvested ecological reserves and other kinds of protected areas. The protected areas are necessary to accommodate those elements of biodiversity that cannot tolerate the conditions of managed stands.Key words: biodiversity, managed forests, plantations, old-growth forests, coarse-woody debris, cavity trees, snags.

To thin or not to thin: bio-economic analysis of two alternative practices to increase amount of coarse woody debris in managed forests

2012 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 1411-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli-Pekka Tikkanen ◽  
Jukka Matero ◽  
Mikko Mönkkönen ◽  
Artti Juutinen ◽  
Jari Kouki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Alternative Practices

Recruitment of saproxylic beetles in high stumps created for maintaining biodiversity in a boreal forest landscape

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2168-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Martin Schroeder ◽  
Thomas Ranius ◽  
Barbara Ekbom ◽  
Stig Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Saproxylic Species ◽  
Occurrence Pattern ◽  
Landscape Level

The active creation of coarse woody debris (CWD) has been suggested as a measure to preserve and restore biodiversity in managed forests. A common practice in Sweden is to create high stumps at final cutting. We evaluated the importance of high stumps for saproxylic (wood-dependent) beetles in a boreal forest landscape in central Sweden. The number of high stumps created on clearcuts was recorded and the beetle fauna under the bark of high stumps of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was sampled. High stumps yielded only 0.13% of CWD volume and bark area in the landscape. Out of the 29 beetle species most frequently found in the landscape, high stumps were the major source of recruitment at the landscape level for only one, Hadreule elongatula (Gyllenhal). For the remaining 28 beetle species, less than 1% of the landscape's population occurred in high stumps on clearcuts. The abundance of H. elongatula increased with the area of the surrounding forest land that was covered by clearcuts within a radius of 1000 m. This is the first example of a saproxylic species associated with clearcuts, in contemporary forest landscapes, for which such an occurrence pattern has been documented.

scholarly journals Characteristics of coarse woody debris in the «Vepssky Forest» reserve, a reference of primeval middle boreal forests

2019 ◽  
pp. 198-211
Author(s):  
М.А. Шорохова ◽  
Г.В. Березин ◽  
Е.А. Капица ◽  
Е.В. Шорохова
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Forest Reserve

Для разработки стратегии управления крупными древесными остатками с целью восстановления биологического разнообразия и экосистемных функций интенсивно эксплуатируемых лесов необходимо знать эталонные характеристики крупных древесных остатков, т. е. их характеристики в лесах, не затронутых хозяйственной деятельностью в течение продолжительного времени. В коренных лесах естественные нарушения (пожары, ветровалы и вспышки размножения насекомых) приводят к образованию значительных объемов крупных древесных остатков. Исследования осуществляли в 2020 г. в лесном массиве резервата «Вепсский лес», расположенного на Вепсовской возвышенности, в восточной части Ленинградской области. Учет крупных древесных остатков проводили на 74 круговых пробных площадях по 0,1 га, заложенных регулярно и представляющих собой разнообразие возрастных и динамических состояний древостоев резервата. Оценены запасы крупных древесных остатков (КДО) в массиве коренных среднетаежных лесов резервата «Вепсский лес». Общий запас крупных древесных остатков на всех круговых пробных площадях (7,4 га) составил 14456 м3, варьируя от 30 м3га-1 до 532 м3га-1, составляя в среднем 195 м3га-1. Наибольший запас КДО, в среднем 231 м3га-1, отмечен в ельниках черничных на дренированных суглинках. Преобладающую часть составляли КДО ели (Picea abies) 2-го и 3-го классов разложения. Ветровальная динамика древостоев массива резервата «Вепсский лес» обусловила структуру пула КДО, который представлен, в основном, валежом и зависшими деревьями. Значительные запасы КДО, их разнообразие по древесным породам, категориям (положению субстрата) и степени разложения позволяет предположить наличие редких ксилофильных видов и высокое разнообразие ксилофильных сообществ в лесном массиве «Вепсский лес». Developing sustainable forest management strategy targeted to preserve biodiversity and forest ecosystem functions in managed forests requires knowledge of the characteristics of coarse woody debris in primeval (reference) forests. Natural disturbances such as fires, windthrows, and insect outbreaks cause significant tree stand mortality and consequently lead to the high input of coarse woody debris (CWD) [in primeval forests]. The study was carried out in 2020 in the «Vepssky Forest» reserve, which is situated in the eastern part of Leningrad region, Russia. The data were collected from 74 permanent circular sample plots (0.1 ha each). The tree stands were variable in terms of tree age structure, species composition, site type, and stage of successional dynamics. The stocks and diversity of CWD were evaluated in primeval forest ecosystems of the «Vepssky Forest» reserve. The volume of CWD varied from 30 to 532 m3ha-1, and averaged 195 m3ha-1. The highest amounts of CWD were found in the forest stands of Myrtillosum type (mean 231 m3ha-1). Norway spruce (Picea abies) CWD in the second and third decay classes had the highest share of all CWD volume.

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