Associations of Forest-Floor Vertebrates with Coarse Woody Debris in Managed Forests of Western Oregon

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally R. Butts ◽  
William C. McComb
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Managed Forests

Short-term effect of thinning on carbon storage in soil, forest floor and coarse woody debris ofQuercusspp. stand in Hoengseong, Gangwon-do, Korea

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-Ram Yang ◽  
Nam Jin Noh ◽  
Sue Kyoung Lee ◽  
Tae Kyung Yoon ◽  
Choonsig Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effect

Distribution and abundance of coarse woody debris in a managed forest landscape of the central Appalachians

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1317-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. McCarthy ◽  
Ronald R. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Central Appalachians ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Commercial Thinning

Coarse woody debris (CWD) is integral to the functioning and productivity of forested ecosystems. Standing snags and large logs on the forest floor affect soil processes, soil fertility, hydrology, and wildlife microhabitat. Few data are available pertaining to the distribution and abundance of CWD in the managed hardwood forests of the central Appalachians. We surveyed 11 stands, at various stages of development (succession) after clear-cutting (<2, 15–25, 65–90, >100 years old), to evaluate the density, volume, and biomass of trees, snags, and logs under the local forest management regime. As expected, density, volume, and biomass of CWD (stems ≥2.5 cm diameter) were greatest in young stands (<2 years old) immediately following clear-cutting; the vast majority of CWD existed as relatively labile, small-diameter, low decay state logging slash. Young stands retained a few large logs in advanced decay states but observations suggest that these elements were often disturbed (i.e., crushed) by logging equipment during the harvest process. Crushed logs do not function ecologically in the same capacity as large intact logs. A marked decline in CWD was observed in young pole stands (15–25 years old) as slash decomposed. These stands were characterized by a high density of young hardwood stump sprouts in the overstory while maintaining a moderate amount of CWD in middle size and decay states on the forest floor. More mature hardwood stands (65–90 years old) generally exhibited a decrease in live-stem density and an increase in basal area, accompanied by a slight increase in CWD. Commercial thinning presumably limits the contribution of large CWD to the forest floor. This was most clearly evident in the oldest stands (>100 years old) where large CWD was not widely observed. A striking feature across all stands was the near absence of logs in large size classes (>65 cm diameter) and a paucity of logs in mid to late decay stages. We discuss our data in the context of hardwood forest structure and management in the central Appalachians.

Suillus tomentosus tuberculate ectomycorrhizal abundance and distribution in Pinus contorta woody debris

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie R Paul ◽  
Bill K Chapman ◽  
Christopher P Chanway
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Nitrogen Economy ◽  
Basaltic Soils ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Tuberculate ectomycorrhizae (TEM) have been observed in decaying coarse woody debris (CWD) and may play a role in the nitrogen economy of forests. This study evaluates the occurrence of Suillus tomentosus (Kauff.) Singer, Snell and Dick TEM within CWD in Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm. stands and relates their occurrence to CWD and soil characteristics as well as stand age. TEM were more abundant in the basal end of CWD incorporated in the forest floor than in the middle and top portions. Tubercle abundance was positively correlated with moisture and texture of CWD, degree of incorporation of CWD into the forest floor, and the amount of roots within CWD. There were significantly more TEM in CWD in young stands than in old stands and on sites with granitic soils than on sites with basaltic soils. Highly degraded CWD that is well incorporated in the forest floor appears to be an important microhabitat for the formation and occurrence of TEM.

Effects of timber harvesting on coarse woody debris in red pine forests across the Great Lakes states, U.S.A.

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1926-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D Duvall ◽  
David F Grigal
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Timber Management ◽  
Great Lakes States ◽  
Young Forests

Coarse woody debris (CWD) chronosequences were developed for managed and unmanaged red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stands across the Great Lakes states. Throughout stand development, there is less CWD in managed than in unmanaged forests, and effects of management are strongest in young forests (0-30 years old). At stand initiation, CWD is 80% lower in managed than unmanaged forests, 20 200 versus 113 200 kg·ha-1, while at 90 years, CWD is 35% lower, 6600 versus 10 400 kg·ha-1. Timber management especially affects snags. In young managed forests, snag biomass is less than 1% of that in unmanaged forests, 150 versus 58 200 kg·ha-1, while log biomass is 80% lower, 5000 versus 22 800 kg·ha-1. This trend continues in mature forests (91-150 years old), where snag biomass is 75% lower in managed than in unmanaged forests, 1700 versus 6400 kg·ha-1. Management has relatively little impact on total log biomass of mature forests but increases the biomass of fresh logs nearly 10-fold, to 1400 versus 150 kg·ha-1. CWD in managed forests is highly variable, primarily related to thinning schedules in individual stands.

Coarse woody debris and forest floor respiration in an old-growth coniferous forest on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1811-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Marra ◽  
Robert L. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Decay Class ◽  
Class 1

Carbon dioxide evolution rates for downed logs (coarse woody debris) and the forest floor were measured in a temperate, old-growth rain forest in Olympic National Park, Washington, using the soda lime trap method. Measurements were taken every 4 weeks from October 22, 1991, to November 19, 1992. Respiration rates for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), logs were determined for decay classes 1–2, 3, and 5 in two diameter classes. Overall, western hemlock logs respired at a rate 35% higher (4.37 g CO2•m−2•day−1) than Douglas-fir logs (3.23 g CO2•m−2•day−1). Respiration rates for decay class 1–2 logs of both species were similar to decay class 5 logs (4.46 and 4.07 g CO2•m−2•day−1, respectively), but decay class 3 logs respired at a lower rate (3.23 g CO2•m−2•day−1). Seasonal patterns of respiration rates occurred, particularly for decay class 1 and 2 western hemlock logs where monthly averages ranged from a low of 2.67 g CO2•m−2•day−1 in February 1992 to a high of 8.30 g CO2•m−2•day−1 in September 1992. Rates for decay class 1–2 western hemlock logs were greater than those from the forest floor, which ranged from 3.42 to 7.13 g CO2•m−2•day−1. Respiration rates were depressed in late July and August compared with fall and spring owing to the summer drought characteristic of the Pacific Northwest. Large-diameter western hemlock logs in decay class 1–2 had higher respiration rates than small-diameter logs, whereas large-diameter decay class 3 western hemlock logs had lower respiration rates than small-diameter logs.

scholarly journals Invertebrate community response to coarse woody debris removal for bioenergy production from intensively managed forests

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Grodsky ◽  
Christopher E. Moorman ◽  
Sarah R. Fritts ◽  
Joshua W. Campbell ◽  
Clyde E. Sorenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Intensively Managed

Sphagnum establishment and expansion in black spruce (Picea mariana) boreal forests

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole J. Fenton ◽  
Catherine Béland ◽  
Sylvie De Blois ◽  
Yves Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Canopy Openness

Boreal forest bryophyte communities are made up of distinct colonies of feathermosses that cover the forest floor. In some black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) boreal forests, Sphagnum spp. establish colonies on the forest floor 30–40 years after the feathermosses, and ultimately expand to dominate the community. The mechanisms that permit the Sphagnum spp. to establish and expand are unknown. The objectives of this study were to examine the establishment and expansion substrates of Sphagnum spp., and the conditions correlated with colony expansion. Forty colonies, in six stands, of Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw. were dissected to determine their substrates, and the environmental conditions in which all colonies present were growing were measured. Coarse woody debris was the dominant establishment and early expansion substrate for Sphagnum capillifolium colonies. With age as the control factor, large colonies showed a significant partial correlation with canopy openness, and there were fewer individuals per cm3 in large colonies than there were in small colonies. These results suggest that Sphagnum establishment in these communities is dependent on the presence of coarse woody debris, and expansion is linked to the stand break-up, which would allow an increase in light intensity, and rainfall to reach the colony. Consequently the community change represented by Sphagnum establishment and expansion is initially governed by a stochastic process and ultimately by habitat availability and species competition.

scholarly journals Influence of thinning on carbon storage in soil, forest floor and coarse woody debris ofLarix kaempferistands in Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suin Ko ◽  
Yowhan Son ◽  
Nam Jin Noh ◽  
Tae Kyung Yoon ◽  
Choonsig Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Woody Debris

Biodiversity implications of changes in the quantity of dead organic matter in managed forests

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Freedman ◽  
V. Zelazny ◽  
D. Beaudette ◽  
T. Fleming ◽  
G. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Critical Habitat ◽  
Dead Organic Matter ◽  
Wide Range

Dead organic matter is an important structural and functional element in natural forests, but its quantity, quality, and spatial distribution are greatly modified by intensive harvesting and management through forestry. From the perspective of conflicts with biodiversity, the most important changes are associated with reductions in the abundance of snags, cavity trees, and coarse-woody debris, all of which are well known as critical habitat elements for a wide range of indigenous species. Changes in the depth and quality of the forest floor of managed stands are also important for some species and guilds of wildlife. Resolution of this conflict between forestry and biodiversity will require the design and implementation of management systems that accommodate the critical habitat qualities associated with dead organic matter, particularly with large-dimension deadwood and cavities. This goal may be most effectively achieved by an integrated strategy that involves (i) basing forest-management planning on shifting-mosaic habitat models of stand harvesting and replacement, designed to ensure a continuous availability of sufficient areas of stands old enough to sustain habitat features associated with dead organic matter, along with (ii) the provision of protected areas of mature and older growth forest, associated with riparian buffers, deer yards, and nonharvested ecological reserves and other kinds of protected areas. The protected areas are necessary to accommodate those elements of biodiversity that cannot tolerate the conditions of managed stands.Key words: biodiversity, managed forests, plantations, old-growth forests, coarse-woody debris, cavity trees, snags.

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