Cellular mechanisms of frontal bone development in spotted gar ( Lepisosteus oculatus )

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Enny ◽  
Anusha Shanabag ◽  
Andrew W. Thompson ◽  
Brett Racicot ◽  
Ingo Braasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Development ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Spotted Gar ◽  
Lepisosteus Oculatus

scholarly journals Cellular and molecular mechanisms of frontal bone development in spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Enny ◽  
Andrew W. Thompson ◽  
Brett Racicot ◽  
Ingo Braasch ◽  
Tetsuya Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Spotted Gar ◽  
Dermal Bone ◽  
Lepisosteus Oculatus

AbstractBackgroundThe molecular mechanisms initiating vertebrate cranial dermal bone formation is a conundrum in evolutionary and developmental biology. Decades of studies have determined the developmental processes of cranial dermal bones in various vertebrate species, finding possible inducers of dermal bone. However, the evolutionarily derived characters of current experimental model organisms hinder investigations of the ancestral and conserved mechanisms of vertebrate cranial dermal bone induction. Thus, investigating such mechanisms with animals diverging at evolutionarily crucial phylogenetic nodes is imperative.ResultsWe investigated the cellular and molecular foundations of skull frontal bone formation in the spotted gar Lepisosteus oculatus, a basally branching actinopterygian. Whole-mount bone and cartilage stainings and hematoxylin-eosin section stainings revealed that mesenchymal cell condensations in the frontal bone of spotted gar develop in close association with the underlying cartilage. We also identified novel aspects of frontal bone formation: Upregulation of F-actin and plasma membrane in condensing cells, and extension of podia from osteoblasts to the frontal bone, which may be responsible for bone mineral transport.ConclusionThis study highlights the process of frontal bone formation with dynamic architectural changes of mesenchymal cells in spotted gar, illuminating supposedly ancestral and likely conserved developmental mechanisms of skull bone formation among vertebrates.

Air-breathing during activity in the fishes amia calva and lepisosteus oculatus

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (7) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Farmer ◽  
D C Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Spotted Gar ◽  
Water Oxygen ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Amia Calva ◽  
Lepisosteus Oculatus ◽  
Air Hole

Many osteichthyan fishes obtain oxygen from both air, using a lung, and water, using gills. Although it is commonly thought that fishes air-breathe to survive hypoxic aquatic habitats, other reasons may be more important in many species. This study was undertaken to determine the significance of air-breathing in two fish species while exercising in oxygen-rich water. Oxygen consumption from air and water was measured during mild activity in bowfin (Amia calva) and spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) by sealing a fish in an acrylic flume that contained an air-hole. At 19-23 degreesC, the rate of oxygen consumption from air in both species was modest at rest. During low-level exercise, more than 50 % of the oxygen consumed by both species was from the air (53.0+/-22.9 % L. oculatus; 66.4+/-8.3 % A. calva). <P>

scholarly journals The Molecular Evolution of Circadian Clock Genes in Spotted Gar (Lepisosteus oculatus)

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Sun ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Moli Huang ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Changhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Clock Gene ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Spotted Gar ◽  
Circadian Clock Genes ◽  
Lepisosteus Oculatus

Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms with a period of approximately 24 h. While canonical circadian clock genes and their regulatory mechanisms appear highly conserved, the evolution of clock gene families is still unclear due to several rounds of whole genome duplication in vertebrates. The spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus), as a non-teleost ray-finned fish, represents a fish lineage that diverged before the teleost genome duplication (TGD), providing an outgroup for exploring the evolutionary mechanisms of circadian clocks after whole-genome duplication. In this study, we interrogated the spotted gar draft genome sequences and found that spotted gar contains 26 circadian clock genes from 11 families. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 9 of these 11 spotted gar circadian clock gene families have the same number of genes as humans, while the members of the nfil3 and cry families are different between spotted gar and humans. Using phylogenetic and syntenic analyses, we found that nfil3-1 is conserved in vertebrates, while nfil3-2 and nfil3-3 are maintained in spotted gar, teleost fish, amphibians, and reptiles, but not in mammals. Following the two-round vertebrate genome duplication (VGD), spotted gar retained cry1a, cry1b, and cry2, and cry3 is retained in spotted gar, teleost fish, turtles, and birds, but not in mammals. We hypothesize that duplication of core clock genes, such as (nfil3 and cry), likely facilitated diversification of circadian regulatory mechanisms in teleost fish. We also found that the transcription factor binding element (Ahr::Arnt) is retained only in one of the per1 or per2 duplicated paralogs derived from the TGD in the teleost fish, implicating possible subfuctionalization cases. Together, these findings help decipher the repertoires of the spotted gar’s circadian system and shed light on how the vertebrate circadian clock systems have evolved.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection and habitat occupancy of threatened spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Boothroyd ◽  
Nicholas E. Mandrak ◽  
Michael Fox ◽  
Chris C. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Spotted Gar ◽  
Habitat Occupancy ◽  
Lepisosteus Oculatus

Immunolocalization of enamel matrix protein-like proteins in the tooth enameloid of spotted gar, Lepisosteus oculatus, an actinopterygian bony fish

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Sasagawa ◽  
Mikio Ishiyama ◽  
Hiroyuki Yokosuka ◽  
Masato Mikami ◽  
Shunya Oka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Bony Fish ◽  
Enamel Matrix ◽  
Spotted Gar ◽  
Enamel Matrix Protein ◽  
Lepisosteus Oculatus
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