scholarly journals Syntheses of Biodiesel Precursors: Sulfonic Acid Catalysts for Condensation of Biomass-Derived Platform Molecules

ChemSusChem ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhesan Balakrishnan ◽  
Eric R. Sacia ◽  
Alexis T. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Acid Catalysts

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Switchgrass for Production of Glucose via Sulfonic Acid-Impregnated Activated Carbon

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Yane Ansanay ◽  
Praveen Kolar ◽  
Ratna Sharma-Shivappa ◽  
Jay Cheng ◽  
Consuelo Arellano
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Carbon Catalysts ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In the present research, activated carbon-supported sulfonic acid catalysts were synthesized and tested as pretreatment agents for the conversion of switchgrass into glucose. The catalysts were synthesized by reacting sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid with activated carbon. The characterization of catalysts suggested an increase in surface acidities, while surface area and pore volumes decreased because of sulfonation. Batch experiments were performed in 125 mL serum bottles to investigate the effects of temperature (30, 60, and 90 °C), reaction time (90 and 120 min) on the yields of glucose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated switchgrass using Ctec2 yielded up to 57.13% glucose. Durability tests indicated that sulfonic solid-impregnated carbon catalysts were able to maintain activity even after three cycles. From the results obtained, the solid acid catalysts appear to serve as effective pretreatment agents and can potentially reduce the use of conventional liquid acids and bases in biomass-into-biofuel production.

Silica-bound sulfonic acid catalysts

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (23) ◽  
pp. 5437-5443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rickey D. Badley ◽  
Warren T. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Acid Catalysts

Amine Catalyzed Atomic Layer Deposition of (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane for the Production of Heterogeneous Sulfonic Acid Catalysts

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 3844-3851 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. K. Jackson ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Jean Marcel R. Gallo ◽  
Anthony J. Crisci ◽  
Susannah L. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Layer Deposition

Sulfonic acid-functionalized core-shell Fe3O4@carbon microspheres as magnetically recyclable solid acid catalysts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyi Yuan ◽  
Xiqing Wang ◽  
Xuanyu Yang ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Alghamdi ◽  
Fahad A. Alharthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Carbon Microspheres

Acid Reactions of Lignin Models of β-5 Type

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Li ◽  
K. Lundquist
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Milled Wood Lignin ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Stilbene Derivative ◽  
Trifluoromethane Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Spectrometric Measurements ◽  
Adjacent Unit

Summary Refluxing of trans–2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan with dioxane-water (9 : 1) in the presence of various acid catalysts led to the formation of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)- 7-methoxy-3-methylbenzo[b]furan, the trans and cis forms of 2-hydroxy-3,3′4′-trimethoxystilbene and cis–2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan. The proportions of the products were strongly dependent on the particular acid used as catalyst. HCl and to a greater extent HBr favored the formation of the 2-arylbenzofuran (phenylcoumarone) while the trans-stilbene derivative predominated in reaction products from the experiments with trifluoromethane sulfonic acid as the catalyst. Isomerization of the starting material occurred, regardless of the nature of the catalyst (small amounts of the cis-isomer formed). The number of phenylpropane units in spruce lignin attached to an adjacent unit by a β−5 linkage was estimated to be 6–9% on the basis of 1H NMR spectrometric measurements of the formation of phenylcoumarone structures on refluxing of milled wood lignin from spruce with 0.1M HBr in dioxane-water (9 : 1).

scholarly journals Silica-supported sulfonic acids as recyclable catalyst for esterification of levulinic acid with stoichiometric amounts of alcohols

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 2173-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondo Maggi ◽  
N Raveendran Shiju ◽  
Veronica Santacroce ◽  
Giovanni Maestri ◽  
Franca Bigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Simple Protocol ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Converting biomass into value-added chemicals holds the key to sustainable long-term carbon resource management. In this context, levulinic acid, which is easily obtained from cellulose, is valuable since it can be transformed into a variety of industrially relevant fine chemicals. Here we present a simple protocol for the selective esterification of levulinic acid using solid acid catalysts. Silica supported sulfonic acid catalysts operate under mild conditions and give good conversion and selectivity with stoichiometric amounts of alcohols. The sulfonic acid groups are tethered to the support using organic tethers. These tethers may help in preventing the deactivation of the active sites in the presence of water.

scholarly journals Pre-treatment of biomasses using magnetised sulfonic acid catalysts

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yane Ansanay ◽  
Praveen Kolar ◽  
Ratna Sharma-Shivappa ◽  
Jay Cheng ◽  
Sunkyu Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L ◽  
Pre Treatment

There is a significant interest in employing solid acid catalysts for pre-treatment of biomasses for subsequent hydrolysis into sugars, because solid acid catalysts facilitate reusability, high activity, and easier separation. Hence the present research investigated pretreatment of four lignocellulosic biomasses, namely Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L ‘Alamo’), Gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides), Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) and Triticale hay (Triticale hexaploide Lart.) at 90°C for 2 h using three carbon-supported sulfonic acid catalysts. The catalysts were synthesized via impregnating p-Toluenesulfonic acid on carbon (regular) and further impregnated with iron nitrate via two methods to obtain magnetic A and magnetic B catalysts. When tested as pre-treatment agents, a maximum total lignin reduction of 17.73±0.63% was observed for Triticale hay treated with magnetic A catalyst. Furthermore, maximum glucose yield after enzymatic hydrolysis was observed to be 203.47±5.09 mg g–1 (conversion of 65.07±1.63%) from Switchgrass treated with magnetic A catalyst. When reusability of magnetised catalysts were tested, it was observed that magnetic A catalyst was consistent for Gamagrass, Miscanthus × Giganteus and Triticale hay, while magnetic B catalyst was found to maintain consistent yield for switchgrass feedstock. Our results suggested that magnetised solid acid catalyst could pre-treat various biomass stocks and also can potentially reduce the use of harsh chemicals and make bioenergy processes environment friendly.

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