scholarly journals Silica-supported sulfonic acids as recyclable catalyst for esterification of levulinic acid with stoichiometric amounts of alcohols

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 2173-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondo Maggi ◽  
N Raveendran Shiju ◽  
Veronica Santacroce ◽  
Giovanni Maestri ◽  
Franca Bigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Simple Protocol ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

Converting biomass into value-added chemicals holds the key to sustainable long-term carbon resource management. In this context, levulinic acid, which is easily obtained from cellulose, is valuable since it can be transformed into a variety of industrially relevant fine chemicals. Here we present a simple protocol for the selective esterification of levulinic acid using solid acid catalysts. Silica supported sulfonic acid catalysts operate under mild conditions and give good conversion and selectivity with stoichiometric amounts of alcohols. The sulfonic acid groups are tethered to the support using organic tethers. These tethers may help in preventing the deactivation of the active sites in the presence of water.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Switchgrass for Production of Glucose via Sulfonic Acid-Impregnated Activated Carbon

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Yane Ansanay ◽  
Praveen Kolar ◽  
Ratna Sharma-Shivappa ◽  
Jay Cheng ◽  
Consuelo Arellano
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Carbon Catalysts ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In the present research, activated carbon-supported sulfonic acid catalysts were synthesized and tested as pretreatment agents for the conversion of switchgrass into glucose. The catalysts were synthesized by reacting sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid with activated carbon. The characterization of catalysts suggested an increase in surface acidities, while surface area and pore volumes decreased because of sulfonation. Batch experiments were performed in 125 mL serum bottles to investigate the effects of temperature (30, 60, and 90 °C), reaction time (90 and 120 min) on the yields of glucose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated switchgrass using Ctec2 yielded up to 57.13% glucose. Durability tests indicated that sulfonic solid-impregnated carbon catalysts were able to maintain activity even after three cycles. From the results obtained, the solid acid catalysts appear to serve as effective pretreatment agents and can potentially reduce the use of conventional liquid acids and bases in biomass-into-biofuel production.

Sulfonic acid-functionalized core-shell Fe3O4@carbon microspheres as magnetically recyclable solid acid catalysts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyi Yuan ◽  
Xiqing Wang ◽  
Xuanyu Yang ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Alghamdi ◽  
Fahad A. Alharthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Carbon Microspheres

scholarly journals Synthesis of Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized Zirconium Poly(Styrene-Phenylvinyl-Phosphonate)-Phosphate for Heterogeneous Epoxidation of Soybean Oil

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochuan Zou ◽  
Xuyuan Nie ◽  
Zhiwen Tan ◽  
Kaiyun Shi ◽  
Cun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

In this paper, a solid acid catalyst (ZPS–PVPA–SO3H) was prepared by anchoring thiol group on zirconium poly(styrene-phenylvinyl-phosphonate)-phosphate (ZPS–PVPA), followed by oxidation of thiol groups to obtain sulfonic acid groups. The solid acid catalyst was characterized by XPS, X-ray, EDS, SEM, and TG-DSC. The successful preparation of sulfonic acid-functionalized ZPS–PVPA was confirmed. Subsequently, the catalytic performance of ZPS–PVPA–SO3H was investigated in the epoxidation of soybean oil. The results demonstrated that ZPS–PVPA–SO3H can effectively catalyze epoxidation of soybean oil with TBHP as an oxidant. Moreover, there was no significant decrease in catalytic activity after 5 repeated uses of the ZPS–PVPA–SO3H. Interestingly, the ZPS–PVPA–SO3H was kept in 2 mol/L of HCl overnight after the end of the seventh reaction, and the catalytic activity was gradually restored during the eighth to tenth cycles.

scholarly journals Niobium phosphotungstates: excellent solid acid catalysts for the dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural under mild conditions

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (57) ◽  
pp. 32423-32433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Qiu ◽  
Xincheng Wang ◽  
Chongpin Huang ◽  
Yingxia Li ◽  
Biaohua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Mild Conditions

A 5-HMF yield of 96.7% was obtained over an excellent heterogeneous catalyst NbPW-06 in DMSO at 80 °C.

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